Developing a Project Plan Chapter 6

Objectives Terminology AOA and AON diagrams Determining Project Duration, Critical Path Special

Terminology Activity: an element of the project that requires time. Merge Activity: an activity that has two or more preceding activities on which it depends. Parallel (Concurrent) Activities: Activities that can occur independently and, if desired, not at the same time. A C B D

Terminology Path: a sequence of connected, dependent activities. Critical path: the longest path through the activity network that allows for the completion of all project-related activities; C A B D the shortest expected time in which the entire project can be completed. Delays on the critical path will delay completion of the entire project

Terminology Slack (or Float) Total slack The amount of time an activity can be delayed after the start of a longer parallel activity or activities. Total slack The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the entire project.

Activity Relationships AOA AON The first series of slides presents Figure 4.1. To improve legibility, each portion of the Figure is expanded and presented full screen. This slide advances automatically. 2

Activity Relationships S precedes T, which precedes U. AOA AON 1 2 S 3 T 4 U 3

Activity Relationships S and T must be completed before U can be started. AOA AON S T U 1 2 3 4 4

Activity Relationships T and U cannot begin until S has been completed. AOA AON T U S 3 4 1 2 5

Activity Relationships U and V cannot begin until both S and T have been completed. AOA AON 1 2 4 5 U V S T 3 6

Activity Relationships U cannot begin until both S and T have been completed; V cannot begin until T has been completed. AOA AON S T U V 1 3 Dummy 5 2 4 6 7

Activity Relationships T and U cannot begin until S has been completed; V cannot begin until both T and U have been completed. AOA AON 1 2 4 3 S T 5 V U Dummy 8

St. Adolf’s Hospital Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview applicants and fill positions in nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the hospital. I Develop an information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff. The first step is to create the list of activities and the required predecessors. 10

St. Adolf’s Hospital Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson 11

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Then a network can be drawn. In fact, this step is not strictly necessary for management purposes and large projects are very difficult to represent in this fashion. But it is helpful to visualize this small project in this way. This series builds Figure 4.2. This slide advances automatically. This entire sequence can be automated by selecting automatic advance for each slide and setting the desired delay. Example 8.1 12

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A Immediate Start A Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B Immediate Start A B Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A C B Immediate Start A B C Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson AON Network Start A B C D Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E Immediate Start A B C D E Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F Immediate Start A B C D E F Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G Immediate Start A B C D E F G Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H Immediate Start A B C D E F G H Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H I Immediate Start A B C D E F G H I Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H I J Immediate Start A B C D E F G H I J Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H I J K Immediate Start A B C D E F G H I J K Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AON Network A B C D E F G H I J K Finish Start Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 24

St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson For comparison we build an AOA network of the same project. This series builds Figure 4.3. This slide advances automatically. Example 8.1 25

St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network 2 A Start 1 Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 32

St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network 2 A Start 1 B 4 Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 32

St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network 2 C A 3 Start 1 5 B D 4 Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 32

St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network F A B C D H E G I Start 1 8 2 3 7 6 5 4 Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 32

St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network F A B C D H E G J I Start 1 8 2 3 7 6 5 4 Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 32

St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network F A B C D H E G J I Dummy Start 1 8 2 3 7 6 5 4 Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 31

St. Adolf’s Hospital AOA Network F A B C D H E G K J I Finish 9 Dummy Start 1 8 2 3 7 6 5 4 Figure 8.5 Immediate Activity Description Predecessor(s) Responsibility A Select administrative and medical staff. — Johnson B Select site and do site survey. — Taylor C Select equipment. A Adams D Prepare final construction plans and layout. B Taylor E Bring utilities to the site. B Burton F Interview applicants and fill positions in A Johnson nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. C Adams H Construct the hospital. D Taylor I Develop an information system. A Simmons J Install the equipment. E,G,H Adams K Train nurses and support staff. F,I,J Johnson Example 8.1 32

St. Adolf’s Hospital Forward Pass: Earliest Start & Earliest Finish 12 K 6 C 10 G 35 J 4 H 40 B 9 D E 24 I 15 F Finish Start Forward Pass: Earliest Start & Earliest Finish We can calculate the earliest possible starting times and earliest possible finishing times for each activity. 45

St. Adolf’s Hospital Backward Pass: Latest Start and 12 K 6 C 10 G 35 J 4 H 40 B 9 D E 24 0 12 I 15 F 12 27 12 22 63 69 22 57 59 63 19 59 9 33 0 9 9 19 Backward Pass: Latest Start and Latest Finish Times Start Finish In much the same fashion, late start and late finish times can be calculated working backward through the network. This is Example 4.3 in the text. This slide advances automatically. 55

Special Laddering Lags Hammock Activities are broken into segments so the following activity can begin sooner and not delay the work. Lags The minimum amount of time a dependent activity must be delayed to begin or end. Hammock Laddering – example painting 3 rooms (prepare – paint ceiling and walls – paint trim Prepare: Room 1 ---- Paint #1 ---- Trim Prepare room #2 then paint then trim Prepare room #3 then paint then trim Where each expert, finishes one room, can start working on next room. So to complete shortest amount of time and best use of resources Lags – Lengthy activities are broken down to reduce the delay in the start of successor activities. Lags can be used to constrain finish-to-start, start-to-start, finish-to-finish, start-to-finish, or combination relationships. Hammock Activity An activity that spans over a segment of a project. Duration of hammock activities is determined after the network plan is drawn. Hammock activities are used to aggregate sections of the project to facilitate getting the right amount of detail for specific sections of a project.

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