Methods of De-humanization in concentration camps By: Shyla, Hannah, Kaitlyn, Kara, & Brenna.

What is De-humanization? The process of depriving a person or group of positive human qualities Increased violence, human rights violations, war crimes, and genocide

Everyday toll on lives at camps Often brutally mistreated- forced labor, cold, constant harassment and daily abuse Jehovah's Witnesses and homosexuals were specifically targeted for punishment and murder Died from starvation, diseases, exhaustion, and experimental treatment Killed European Jews among camp arrival (24 hours) Selected Jews were given serial numbers – tattooed and sewed into their uniforms Often not allowed to write to family in other areas or camps Kept people from the ages of around 18-45 and the too young or old were killed right away

         Gas chambers  Started selecting men, women, and children for death in the gas chambers in 1943.  People were tricked into thinking they were going to shower before entering the camps.  Most popular gases used to kill prisoners was Zyklon B. Early on carbon monoxide was used in gas chambers but was quickly replaced by Zyklon B because it took too long for the victims to die and people in  nearby towns could hear people screaming.   After being killed in the gas chambers, the bodies were dragged to the crematorium where they were stripped of fillings and jewelry.  Bodies were burned and turned into fertilizer, dumped into rivers and ponds, put in landfills, or in marshes.

Medical Experiments Freezing/ Hypothermia was conducted on men to test the bodies reaction to the harsh weather conditions the armies experience on the Eastern Front. Warming methods included the sun lamp, internal irrigation, and hot baths. These painful procedures resulted in death due to shock. Genetic Experiments were tested on twins, dwarfs and other unique specimens. They were examined head to toe, then killed after all the data was collected. The dead bodies were dissected and the organs were removed for further experiments.

Starvation 1941- camps started punishing prisoners with starvation. Applied this penalty after escapes. They would select a hostage during role call. Hostages would be held in a dark room until the escapee confronts him/herself. Most of the time the hostage starved to death. If the hostage did not die by 2 weeks, they would be injected with lethal injection of phenol. 1943- camps later abandoned the practice of starvation.

Diseases Many sicknesses were spread throughout the concentration camps. Some of the diseases were:  Typhus (this took the majority of lives), Typhoid fever, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Malaria, Meningitis, and Durchfall, an illness caused by unsanitary food.  Frost bite played a major role in the winter which later led to gangrene and after that, loss of limbs. Since the sanitation was so poor, people spread lice and scabies around which is how Anne Frank died.

Medical practice Diseases Pictures Gas chambers Starvation

Questions 1)   Jehovah's   _______________  and  _________________  were often targeted for punishment and murder.  2)  Most common gas used in gas chambers was   __________________. 3) True/False  After genetic experiments were conducted on victims, they were murdered and their organs were kept for future research.  4) In 1941, camps starting practicing ________________ as a punishment. 5) ________ bite played a large role in fatalities during the winter in concentration camps.

Bibliography www.auschwitz.org. “AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU.” Polski, auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-and-shoah/the-extermination-procedure-in-the-gas- chambers/.  Kaitlyn “The Treatment of Soviet POWs: Starvation, Disease, and Shootings, June 1941–January 1942.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007183.  Shyla “Medical Experiments of the Holocaust and Nazi Medicine |.” The Holocaust History - A People's and Survivor History - Remember.org, remember.org/educate/medexp.  Brenna Holocaust | Concentration Camps, www.projetaladin.org/holocaust/en/history-of-the- holocaust-shoah/the-killing-machine/concentration-camps.html.   Kaitlyn “Daily Life in the Concentration Camps.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org/collections/bibliography/daily-life-in-the-concentration- camps  Hannah http://auschwitz.org/en/history/camp-hospitals/sicknesses-and-epidemics/    Kara

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