TOPICS OF “ENGINEERING GRAPHICS” (Mechanical Portion) Topic no. Topic Content No. of Lectures ( C ) ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FROM GIVEN ISOMETRIC VIEW 07 Without Sections With Sections ( D ) ISOMETRIC VIEW/PROJECTIONS FROM GIVEN ORTHOGRPHIC VIEWS 05 View i.e. drawing Projections

TYPES OF LINES USED IN ENGINEERING DRAWING CONTINUOUS THICK A B CONTINUOUS THIN (WAVY) APPLICATIONS OF LINES ON DRAWING C SHORT ZIGZAG THIN D CONTINUOUS THIN  40  30 25 150  60 E SHORT DASH MEDIUM (DOTED LINE ) F LONG CHAIN THIN (CENTER LINE) G1 CUTTING PLANE LINE (IN F.V) G2 CUTTING PLANE LINE (IN T.V)

Dimensioning Techniques Trimmed and untrimmed drawing sheet sizes are commercially designated as A0 (Maximum size), A1, A2, A3, A4 & A5 (Least size). In Engineering Graphics’ term work, all the 4 sheets will be of A2 (approximately ½ Imperial) size The following two systems are adopted for dimensioning purposes on orthographic views as well as on pictorial view.

(FOR LARGE SIZED SHEETS) ALIGNED SYSTEM (FOR A2 TO A5 SHEET SIZE) UNIDIRECTIONAL SYSTEM (FOR LARGE SIZED SHEETS) 20 35 35 20 ARROW HEADS (H x 3H) 3H H

ORTHOGRAPHIC PREOJECTIONS (MULTI VIEW REPRESENTATIONS i.e. F.V., T.V. & S.V. – L.H.S.V OR R.H.S.V) FROM ISOMETRIC VIEW PLANES OF PROJECTIONS QUADRANTS VISION DIRECTIONS

VIEWES METHODS OF PROJECTIONS WITH THEIR SYMBOLS SCALING OF A DRAWING (Full Size 1:1, Reduced 1:2 or Enlarged 5:1 )

(AS PER BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ENGINEERING DRAWING.) SCALING OF A DRAWING (AS PER BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS FOR ENGINEERING DRAWING.) RECOMMENDED SCALES 1. FULL SCALE e.g. 1: 1 In certain cases the engineering components may be very large or very small for drawing purposes, hence the corresponding scale may be preferred from the following

2. REDUCED SCALE e.g. 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:15, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, 1:10000 3. ENLARGED SCALE e.g. 50:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 2:1

SYMBOLS USED ON ENGINEERING DRAWING SHEET FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS THIRD ANGLE METHOD OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS M/c. PARTS ARE NEVER ASSUMED IN SECOND OR IN FOURTH QUADRANT, AS THE VIEWS MAY OVERLAP ON ONE ANOTHER ABOVE XY OR BELOW XY RESPECTIVELY.

Y ISOMETRIC VIEW OF L.H.S.V. Plane F.V. Plane T.V. Plane X Z1 OBJECT IN FIRST QUADRANT (FOR L.H.S.V.) F.V. H L.H.S.V. H PP L Y X HP D D L T.V. T.V. Plane X Z1 FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS (FOR L.H.S.V.)

Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H. P & P Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H.P & P.P with their respective hinges, considering V.P as fixed plane. It may be noted that :- (a) F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while L.H.S.V (Z1 directional view) is on P.P F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While L.H.S.V is within H & D. c) The symbol for Ist angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 2(c)

V.P F.V. P.P H D L.H.S.V. X Y H.P L T.V. Fig. 2(c)

AIM: Fig. 2(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block AIM: Fig. 2(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block. Draw its following orthographic views using Ist angle method of projections. Front View Top View R. H. S.View

Y H D R.H.S.V. L F.V. Z2 L D H Fig 2(a) X Y T.V. Z2 X Fig 2(b) P.P H D R.H.S.V. V.P L F.V. Y X Z2 L D H Fig 2(a) X Y H.P T.V. Z2 X Fig 2(b)

Note : Ist angle means, the block is assumed in front of V. P, above H Note : Ist angle means, the block is assumed in front of V.P, above H.P and inside P.P, as in fig. 2(b) where the F.V. is projected on V.P, seen in X direction, T.V. is projected on H.P, seen in Y direction & R.H.S.V. is projected on P.P, seen in Z2 direction

Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H. P & P Fig. 2(c) shows turning of the planes H.P & P.P with their respective hinges, considering plane V.P as fixed plane. It may be noted that :- F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while R.H.S.V (Z2 directional view) is on P.P b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While R.H.S.V is within H & D. c) The symbol for Ist angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 2(c)

R.H.S.V. D P.P H F.V. V.P X Y H.P T.V. L Fig. 2(c)

Front View Top View Left Hand Side View AIM: Fig. 3(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block. Draw its following orthographic views using IIIrd angle method of projections. Front View Top View Left Hand Side View THIS IS A POWER POINT PRESENTATION

Y Z1 X D H L Fig 3(a) Y T.V. H.P X Y H L.H.S.V. P.P D V.P F.V. L Plane H.P turned up(above V.P) Plane P.P turned side way(towards left side of plane V.P) Z1 X Fig 3(b)

Note : IIIrd angle means, the block is assumed behind V. P, below H Note : IIIrd angle means, the block is assumed behind V.P, below H.P and inside P.P, as in fig. 3(b) where the F.V. is projected on V.P, seen in X direction, T.V. is projected on H.P, seen in Y direction & L.H.S.V. is projected on P.P, seen in Z1 direction

Fig. 3(c) shows turning of the planes H. P & P Fig. 3(c) shows turning of the planes H.P & P.P with their respective hinges, considering plane V.P as fixed plane. It may be noted that :- F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while L.H.S.V (Z1 directional view) is on P.P b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While L.H.S.V is within H & D. c) The symbol for IIIrd angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 3(c)

T.V. 4 Fig. 3(c) X Y D 6 L.H.S.V H 2 F.V. L

AIM: Fig. 4(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block AIM: Fig. 4(a) shows the Pictorial (ISOMETRIC) view of a cut block. Draw its following orthographic views using IIIrd angle method of projections. Front View Top View Right Hand Side View

Planes H.P, V.P & P.P are assumed as transparent Y Z2 Fig. 4(a) X Y H.P D L T.V. X Y V.P H L F.V. R.H.S.V. H P.P D Fig. 4(b) X Z2 Planes H.P, V.P & P.P are assumed as transparent

Note : IIIrd angle means, the block is assumed behind V. P, below H Note : IIIrd angle means, the block is assumed behind V.P, below H.P and inside P.P, as in fig. 4(b) where the F.V. is projected on V.P, seen in X direction, T.V. is projected on H.P, seen in Y direction & R.H.S.V. is projected on P.P, seen in Z2 direction.

Fig. 4(c) shows turning of the planes H. P &P Fig. 4(c) shows turning of the planes H.P &P.P with their respective hinges, considering plane V.P as fixed plane. It may be noted that :- F.V. (X directional view) is on V.P, T.V. (Y directional view) is on H.P, while R.H.S.V (Z2 directional view) is on P.P b) F.V is within L & H, T.V is within L & D, While R.H.S.V is within H & D. c) The symbol for IIIrd angle method of projections is placed as shown on fig. 4(c)

H.P T.V. D Fig. 4(c) Y X V.P F.V. L P.P R.H.S.V. H

Step by step procedure Suggested to prepare Orthographic views (First angle method) for The simple component Shown pictorially in figure

100 20 80 40 60 R40 Ø40 ISOMETRIC VIEW X

SYMBOL IS NOT MARKED SCALE: 1:1 20 R20 80 20 R.H.S.V 20 FRONT VIEW 100 80 ø40 SYMBOL IS NOT MARKED R40 SCALE: 1:1 TOP VIEW

FIGURE SHOWS ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A SIMPLE OBJECT(WITHOUT DIMENSIONS) SHOW ITS THREE ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS Front View Top View L.H.S.View b B 2 3 A Use First Angle Method c 1

b B 2 3 A 1 F.V L.H.S.V. a b c 3 T.V

FIGURE SHOWS ISOMETRIC VIEW OF AN OBJECT(WITHOUT DIMENSIONS) SHOW ITS THREE ORTHO GRAPHIC VIEWS Front View Top View L.H.S.View Front View Top View L.H.S.View c 3 b A Use Third Angle Method 2 1

b a c TOP VIEW 3 A 2 1 L.H.S VIEW FRONT VIEW

Use First Angle Method of projection Aim : Figure shows isometric view, of a simple machine component. Draw its following Orthographic views, & dimension them. Front View Top View R.H.S. View Use First Angle Method of projection

Figure, is the isometric view L = 75+25=100 H = 10+30=40 R25 D=50 20 30 10 40 10 10 75 Figure 50 X Figure, is the isometric view

R.H.S.V. F.V. T.V. L=100 F.V H=40 L=100 T.V 10 D=50 40 D=50 S.V H=40 20 R25 50 40 10 25 75 ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS T.V.

ISOMETRIC ORTHO. VIEWS 40 SQ 25 SQ 30 15 SQ 10 35 40 45 15 Ø30,Depth 10 40 SQ ISOMETRIC ORTHO. VIEWS

5 10 30 10 F.V. R.H.S.V. 25 Sq 40 15 45 35 15 Sq 40 Sq Ø30 5 10 T.V.

Exercise :- Figure shows the isometric view of a vertical shaft support. Draw its all the three views, using first angle method of projections. Give the necessary dimensions as per aligned system.

140 Ø40 Ø64 24 20 10 48 50 25 ISOMETRIC VIEW

Ø64 30 140 24 10 Ø40 50 FRONT VIEW L.H.S.V 14 48 70 TOP VIEW

Exercise :- Isometric view of a rod support is given. Draw its all the three orthographic views, using first angle method of projections. Give all the dimensions.

16 20 40 Ø24 R22 140 80 60 30 X ISOMETRIC VIEW

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW SCALE: 1:1 TOP VIEW 20 40 10 30 66 26 FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW 140 20 80 SCALE: 1:1 TOP VIEW

10 8 20 R20 100 45 16 20 25 R8 30 ISOMETRIC ORTHO. VIEWS

R20 30 20 10 100 45 30 8 20 25 16 R8

SECTIONING OF A MACHINE COMPONENT BY ANY ONE SECTION PLA NE ,OUT OF THREE FOLLOWING MENTIONED SECTION PLANES

BY A VERTICAL SECTION PLANE (PARALLEL TO PRINCIPLE V.P.) Hence , The real or true shape of the section is observed in its F.V. Section plane will be seen as a cutting plane line (similar to center line ,thick at ends) with corresponding horizontal vision direction arrows at the center of thick ends in its T.V. & S.V.

(2)BY A HORIZONTAL SECTION PLANE Hence, The real or true shape of the section is observed in its T.V. (b) The cutting or section plane will be observed as a cutting plane line (similar to center line ,thick at ends) with the corresponding vertically downward vision direction arrows at the center of the thick ends in its F.V. and in S.V.

(3) BY A SECTION PLANE , NORMAL TO BOTH H.P. AND V.P.(i.e. parallel to profile plane or side view plane) Hence, (a)The real or true shape of the section is observed in its S.V. (b) The cutting or section plane will be observed as a cutting plane line (similar to center line ,thick at ends) with the corresponding vertically downward vision direction arrows at the center of the thick ends in its F.V. and in T.V.

Figure shows isometric view of a machine component. Draw its Front view, Top view & L.H.S View, using 3rd angle method of projections. Sectional Front view, Top view & L.H.S.V., using 3rd angle method of projections. 60 40 B 30 15 10 30 50 15 5 R12.5 15 50 30 X A 50

Top View L.H.S.View Front View Ortho. Views (No sectioning) 10 1. 30 30 40 60 25 15 5 X 50 50 Top View 50 15 L.H.S.View Front View

Retained split of the machine parts B X B It will be nearer to V.P. in 1st angle method & against the vertical plane in 3rd angle method. X Retained split of the machine parts A

Sectional Front View -AB 50 60 40 30 15 25 5 10 Top View Sectional Front View -AB L.H.S. View A B 2. (With sectioning)

Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine component Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine component. Draw its following views as per First angle method of projections 28 A Ø20 (1) Front view from X direction. Ø30 60 (2) Sectional top view-AA (3) L.H.S. View A 20 7 14 120 20 28 X

Sketch shows the assumed cut model (retained part of the machine component / split against the observer) due to horizontal section plane passing through AB. 120 20 X 28

Ø20 Ø30, 7deep 20 A A A A 60 20 120 L.H.S.V. F.V. 28 14 Sectional T.V.

Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine components Figure shows the pictorial view of a machine components. Draw its following views, using 3rd angle method of projections. Front view from arrow X Top View Sectional R.H.S.V - AB 30 10 B 60 20 40 20 R10 90 60 A X

Retained split of the machine parts Retained split, will be nearer to V.P. in 1st angle method & against the vertical plane in 3rd angle method. B No hatching in this area as not contained in the section plane Retained split of the machine parts A

A 30 60 90 40 20 20 T.V. A 80 20 SEC. R.H.S.V F.V. A

SPECIAL SECIONS HALF SECTION

HALF SECTIONAL F.V.-AB HALF SECTIONAL LEFT S.V.-BC B A C TOP VIEW

SPECIAL SECTIONS REMOVED & REVOLVED SECTIONS

REVOLVED SECTION REMOVED SECTION REMOVEDSECTION

REVOLVED SECTION

REMOVED SECTION

REMOVED SECTIONS