Activation of the tissue factor pathway of blood coagulation in patients with chronic urticaria  Riccardo Asero, MD, Alberto Tedeschi, MD, Raffaella Coppola,

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Activation of the tissue factor pathway of blood coagulation in patients with chronic urticaria  Riccardo Asero, MD, Alberto Tedeschi, MD, Raffaella Coppola, PhD, Samantha Griffini, PhD, Paolo Paparella, MD, Piersandro Riboldi, MD, Angelo V. Marzano, MD, Daniele Fanoni, PhD, Massimo Cugno, MD  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 119, Issue 3, Pages 705-710 (March 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.043 Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Plasma prothrombin fragment F1+2 levels in patients and controls. Results are expressed as nmol/L, and horizontal lines represent the mean values. Mean F1+2 plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with CU (P < .001). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 119, 705-710DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.043) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Plasma D-dimer levels in patients and controls as measured by ELISA. Results are expressed as ng/mL, and horizontal lines represent the mean values. Mean D-dimer plasma levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls (P < .01). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 119, 705-710DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.043) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Plasma FXIIa levels in patients and controls. Results are expressed as ng/mL, and horizontal lines represent the mean values. No difference in mean values was observed between patients and controls. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 119, 705-710DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.043) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Plasma FVIIa levels in patients and controls. Results are expressed as ng/mL, and horizontal lines represent the mean values. Mean plasma FVIIa was significantly higher in patients than in controls (P < .001). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 119, 705-710DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.043) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Scores of tissue factor immunoreactivity in tissue samples from normal skin and urticarial skin lesions. 0, No immunoreactive cells; 1, 1-5 immunoreactive cells; 2, 6-20 immunoreactive cells; 3, >20 immunoreactive cells. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 119, 705-710DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.043) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Tissue factor immunoreactivity in urticarial skin lesion (A) and normal skin (B) (alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase method; ×100). Urticaria skin lesions display a strong expression of tissue factor by upper dermal inflammatory cells that is not present in normal skin. In contrast, normal skin appears to be completely negative for tissue factor. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2007 119, 705-710DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2006.08.043) Copyright © 2007 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions