Carbohydrates By (Your Name)

What is it? Carbohydrates are sugar. Carbohydrates are sugars. Included in this class are fruits, vegetables, grain products (bread, noodles, pizza)

Functions Provide Energy Provide energy for daily activity Provide energy to allow proper organ function Provide the energy of life Carbohydrates are the bodies ultimate source of fuel. Provide energy for daily activity Provide energy to allow proper organ function Basically, all our energy comes from carbohydrates. If we don’t have carbohydrates that we will run out of energy and eventually we would die.

Types of Carbohydrates There are two types of carbohydrates Simple Carbohydrates Consist of monosaccharides, the most basic unit of a carbohydrate. Simple sugars Complex Carbohydrates Consist of polysaccharides Starches (Gavin, 2008) There are two types of carbohydrates Simple Carbohydrates consist of monosaccharides, the most basic unit of a carbohydrate. Simple sugars Complex Carbohydrates consist of polysaccharides Starches (Gavin 2008) Complex carbohydrates have to be broken down by the body into simple carbohydrates before they can be used.

Examples Simple carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates Refined sugars Fruit Milk. Complex carbohydrates Grain products (Gavin, 2008) Simple carbohydrates Refined sugars (like the white sugar you'd find in a sugar bowl. A lollipop (candy in general) Complex carbohydrates Grain products (bread, crackers, pasta, and rice).

Body’s Need Major source of energy Varying length of energy The body breaks carbohydrates into simple sugars. These sugars are absorbed into the bloodstream. As the sugar level rises in your body, the pancreas releases a hormone called insulin. Insulin is needed to move sugar from the blood into the cells, where the sugar can be used as a source of energy. When this process goes fast - as with simple sugars - you're more likely to feel hungry again soon. When it occurs more slowly, as with a whole-grain food, you'll be satisfied longer. These types of complex carbohydrates give you energy over a longer period of time.

Digestion Eating Absorption Mouth Small Intestine Eating – When you eat food rich in carbohydrates, you supply the body with energy. Mouth – an enzyme (amylase) first begins breaking polysaccharides into monosaccharides. Small Intestine – the break down of polysaccharides into monosaccharides continues in the small intestine. Absorption – once carbohydrates are in the monosaccharide form, they are absorbed into the blood stream and spread throughout the body.

Benefits Energy, energy, energy! I can’t emphasize enough that carbohydrates provide energy. I am giving you this presentation because of the energy I have received from carbohydrates.

Healthy Choices The best choices Whole grains Vegetables Fruits Beans (2009) The best sources of carbohydrates Whole grains Vegetables Fruits Beans All of these promote good health by delivering vitamins, minerals, fiber, and a host of important nutrients. Easily digested carbohydrates from white bread, white rice, pastries, sugared sodas, and other highly processed foods may contribute to weight gain, interfere with weight loss, and promote diabetes and heart disease.(2009)

Carbohydrate Disorders Many disorders from lack/abundance of carbohydrates. Examples: Lactose intolerance Diabetes Hypoglycemia Many disorders from lack/abundance of carbohydrates. Example: Lactose intolerance Diabetes Hypoglycemia (this mean not enough sugar)

Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia = low blood glucose (sugar) Symptoms Shakiness Dizziness Sweating Hunger Headache Pale skin color Sudden moodiness or behavior changes, such as crying for no apparent reason Clumsy or jerky movements Seizure Difficulty paying attention, or confusion Tingling sensations around the mouth When in doubt, treat. Hypoglycemia = low blood glucose (sugar) Symptoms Shakiness Dizziness Sweating Hunger Headache Pale skin color Sudden moodiness or behavior changes, such as crying for no apparent reason Clumsy or jerky movements Seizure Difficulty paying attention, or confusion Tingling sensations around the mouth Must check blood sugar whenever you feel low blood glucose coming on. After you check and see that your blood glucose level is low, you should treat hypoglycemia quickly. If you feel a reaction coming on but cannot check, it's best to treat the reaction rather than wait. Remember this simple rule: When in doubt, treat. The quickest way to raise your blood glucose and treat hypoglycemia is with some form of sugar, such as 3 glucose tablets (you can buy these at the drug store), 1/2 cup of fruit juice, or 5-6 pieces of hard candy. It's important to treat hypoglycemia quickly because hypoglycemia can get worse and you could pass out.  If you pass out, you will need IMMEDIATE treatment, such as an injection of glucagon (it raised blood sugar) or emergency treatment in a hospital.

References (2009). The Nutrition Source Carbohydrates. Retrieved January 21, 2009, from Carbohydrates: What Should You Eat? Web site: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/carbohydrates/ (2008). Hypoglycemia. Retrieved January 21, 2009, from American Diabetes Association Web site: http://www.diabetes.org/type-1-diabetes/hypoglycemia.jsp Gavin, Mary (2008). Learning About Carbohydrates. Retrieved January 21, 2009, from Kids Health Web site: http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/carb.html