Prior Trials of RAAS Inhibitors

This program will include a discussion of investigational agents not yet approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Relationship Between Achieved BP and Decline in Kidney Function From Primary Renal Endpoint Trials

Introduction RAAS Inhibitors

ACE Inhibitors Are More Renoprotective Than Conventional Therapy in T1D

Secondary Outcomes in RENAAL Losartan Offers CV Protection in T2D Nephropathy

IDNT: Renoprotective Effects IDNT: Renoprotective Effects* of Irbesartan in Patients With T2D Nephropathy

Effect of RAASi Therapy on Hyperkalemia in Patients With Stages 3 and 4 CKD

Review of Studies With MRAs Added to RAAS Blockade eGFR and Albuminuria

RAASi Use Falls From 43% to 47% 8 Quarters Before ESRD to 33% to 37% in the Quarter After Initiation of ESRD

Higher Mortality Among Patients With Discontinued or Lower-Dose RAASi Compared With Mortality Among Patients Prescribed RAASi at Maximum Dose

Management of Chronic Hyperkalemia Overview

Medications Associated With Hyperkalemia

Predictors of Hyperkalemia Before Starting Therapy

Concluding Remarks

Studies Demonstrating Benefits of RAASi Use in Patients With HF

RAASi Therapy Has Been Extensively Studied in Patients With HF and Post-MI

Evidence-Based, Guideline-Recommended HF Therapies

The ATLAS Study Effect of Dose on Hospitalizations

HEALL Study Effects of Losartan on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With HF and LVEF ≤ 40%

Aldosterone Antagonists in HF Clinical Trial Findings

Effect of Enalapril on Mortality and Hospitalization in Patients With Reduced LVEF and CHF

CHARM-Alternative Trial Effect of Candesartan in Patients With HF and Reduced LVEF

Val-HeFT Study Endpoints and Findings

Spironolactone Causes Hyperkalemia in a Dose-Dependent Fashion

GWTG-HF CMS: Associations Between MRA Therapy and Outcomes in HFrEF

Hyperkalemia (≥ 6.0) Rates Are Higher in Patients With HF Taking MRAs in Real-World Studies

Association Between RAASi Use and Mortality in HF With Severe Renal Insufficiency

Rate of Hospital Admission for Hyperkalemia in Patients With HF

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

Patiromer

Proportion of Patients Stopping RAASi Therapy: Randomized Withdrawal Phase

Investigational Potassium Binder ZS-9*

HARMONIZE-HF Substudy Mean Serum K+ Over Time

Hyperkalemia Management Strategies

Abbreviations

Abbreviations (cont)

Abbreviations (cont)