Brianna Bryant Marlena Richeal Destiny Nesmith Dezmen Horne Harlem renaissance Brianna Bryant Marlena Richeal Destiny Nesmith Dezmen Horne

The Great Migration Sparks a Movement

The move to the north In the early 1900s, thousands of African Americans moved from their homes in the South to look for jobs in the North. The move north sparked a movement known as the Harlem Renaissance. This provided a foundation for African Americans and gave them hope.

Quote by Zora Neale Hurston “Some said goodbye cheerfully…others fearfully, with terrors of unknown dangers in their eagerness for the distance said nothing. The daybreak found them gone. The wind said north.” -Zora Neale Hurston Taken on,1938 Apr. 3.

African American goals NAACP (National Association for the Advanced of Colored People. The NAACP tried to convince African American to protest racial violence. This organization fought for legislation to protect African American rights.

Marcus Garvey And The Unia Immigrant from Jamaica thought that African Americans should form a separate society. In 1914, Garvey created the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) In 1918, he moved the UNIA to New York City and opened offices in urban ghettos in order to recruit followers.

Garvey encouraged his followers to: Promote African American businesses. Return to Africa. Help native people in Africa throw off white colonial oppressors. Build a mighty nation.

MARCUS GARVEY “In view of the fact that the black man Africa has contributed as much to the world as the white man of Europe, and the brown man and yellow and brown races give to the black man his place in the civilization of the world. We ask for nothing more than the rights of 400 million Negroes.” –Marcus Garvey

The Harlem Renaissance Flowers in New York •Many African Americans who-migrated north to Harlem •In the 1920’s Harlem became the world’s largest black urban community •Harlem suffered from overcrowding, unemployment, and poverty. •Harlem Renaissance, a literary and artistic movement celebrating African-American culture.

JAMES WILDON JOHNSON “Harlem is not merely a Negro colony or community, it is a city within a city, the Greatest Negro city in the world. It is not a slum or a fringe, it is located in the heart of Manhattan and occupies one of the most beautiful… sections of the city…. It has its own churches, social and civic centers, shops, theaters, and other places of amusement. And it contains more Negroes to the square mile than any other spot on earth” -James Wildon Johnson

James Weldon Johnston Taken on, 1932 Dec. 3.

African American Performers •The Harlem Renaissance reached far beyond writers and intellectuals. •Shuffle Along became a famous Black Musical comedy. •Paul Robinson, son of a slave, became a famous actor. His first appearance in Shakespeare’s Othello, was very popular.

African Americans and Jazz Jazz started in the early 20th century, in New Orleans. Joe “King” Oliver and his Creole Jazz Band traveled from New Orleans to Chicago, taking Jazz with them. Trumpet player Louis Armstrong joined the group, becoming very famous

Louis Armstrong •Louis Armstrong made personal expression a huge part of jazz music. •He joined Fletcher Henderson’s jazz band, the biggest jazz band in New York City at the time. •Armstrong was also one the first musicians to use scatting. Scatting is using random sounds and syllables in music, instead of words. •Louis Armstrong was considered one of the most influential jazz musicians of all time.

Louis Armstrong Taken on,1953 “They’re going to blow over me. Cats will be coming from everywhere to play. I had a beautiful life. When I get to the Pearly Gates I’ll play a duet with Gabriel. We’ll play ‘Sleepy Time Down South.’ He wants to be remembered for his music just like I do.” -Louis Armstrong; quoted in The Negro Almanac

Jazz Spreads Jazz spreads across the country, becoming very popular music for dancing. Jazz music took over Harlem dance clubs.

Edward Kennedy Ellington Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington was a jazz musician and composer. He led a ten piece orchestra at the very famous exotic club, Cotton Club.

Edward Kennedy Ellington Author Alain Locke practically predicted Ellington’s career. “Up to the present, the resources of Negro music have been tentatively exploited in only one direction at a time- melodically here, rhythmically there, harmonically in a third direction. A genius that would organize its distinctive elements in a formal way would be the musical giant of his age.” -Alain Locke; quoted in Afro-American Writing: An Anthology of Prose and Poetry. Taken on,1943 Apr.

In Conclusion… The Harlem Renaissance represented great cultural and social change. Personal freedom was taken more seriously. Important developments in writing, music, and art came about as well. All of these changes were occurring because African Americans were setting new and higher goals for themselves. People really only reacted positively to these changes. They embraced the art, as well as themselves.