Focus 3/17 The Renaissance was a period of creativity and change in Western Europe. During the Renaissance art began to again be influenced by Greek and Roman ideas. Art again focused on perspective, the ideal, and realism. Science also began to improve. Greek ideas had a huge impact on the development of the Scientific Method. Building blocks of the Renaissance: Crusades Pax Mongolia Black Death

Renaissance Review Renaissance Starts in Italy Italy is quick to recover from the Plague Like the Tang in China, Italy sees a rebirth in art, technology, and learning. Italy is located on a peninsula, which makes trade possible Italy’s geographic location makes it a major commercial and cultural center Italian city-states have become wealthy due to trade between Asia and Europe Itlay has a thriving middle class Italy has patrons, or supporters of the arts, like the Medici family Italy’s proximity to Rome

Renaissance Review Impacts of Renaissance classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated Humanism – the focus on antiquity and the individual Humanist believe people should study worldly (secular) subjects as well as sacred matters. Humanists focused on investigating areas of interest and fulfilling one’s potential Secular achievements were emphasized Switch from the Medieval focus on religious themes to secular themes Like the ancient Greeks, Renaissance emphasized the individual, human form in art, and realism Renaissance architects embraced Roman and Greek styles

Renaissance Review Individuals of the Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci – sculptor, inventor, architect, musician, engineer, painted Mona Lisa Michelangelo – Sculptor, engineer, poet, painter, architect, painted Sistine Chapel, sculpted David Raphael – Painter, Paintings of the Madonna (Mother of Jesus) Sofonsio Anguissola –female artist, painter of King Philip II of Spain  Machiavelli – wrote the Prince, guides rulers on how to rule Albrecht Durer – known as the “German Leonardo” due to his large range of interests Johann Gutenberg – develops printing press in Germany and literacy and education increase Shakespeare – widely popular English play write. Miguel Cervantes - Spanish writer who wrote Don Quixote

Renaissance Review Protestant Reformation: Started by Martin Luther Martin Luther protests the sale of indulgences Martin Luther criticizes the Catholic Church for being too interested in secular power and riches Luther posts 95 Theses Protestant Reformation strengthens royal power and Catholic power was lessened Follower John Calvin preached theory of predestination Henry VIII signs Act of Supremacy establishing the Anglican Church in England ENDS RELIGIOUS UNITY IN EUROPE

Renaissance Review Catholic Reformation (Counter Reformation) Catholic Church responds to Protestant Reformation Seeks to reinstate the power of the Catholic Church Council of Trent institutes plan of Catholic Reform Supports Inquisition to prevent the introduction of Protestant religions Inquisition seeks to fight heresy and achieve religious unity

Renaissance Review Scientific Revolution: Copernicus introduces Heliocentric Theory, which states Earth revolves around the Sun Galilileo develops telescope Newton develops law of gravity Bacon and Descarte develop scientific method. Scientists begin to contradict medieval European beliefs. Scientific Method encourages experimentation and observation to understand natural laws.

Renaissance Review Foundations for the Renaissance: Crusades: series of Holy Wars that brings Europeans out of isolation. Pax Mongolia: Travels of Marco Polo peaks European interest in China. Europeans are exposed to new technology and goods Black Death: Weakens the grip of the Catholic Church on Western Europe. Humanism develops

Closure Extended Response Questions: Explain the difference between art and architecture during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Illustrate how the Pax Mongolia, Crusades, and Black Plague led to the Renaissance. Describe the Scientific Method and in what ways did it change life during the Renaissance?