Volume 67, Pages S1-S7 (June 2005)

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Volume 67, Pages S1-S7 (June 2005) Consequences and management of hyperphosphatemia in patients with renal insufficiency E.L.I. A. Friedman Kidney International Volume 67, Pages S1-S7 (June 2005) DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09500.x Copyright © 2005 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Low levels of calcitriol (vitamin D), hypocalcemia, altered PTH gland function, and skeletal resistance to PTH contribute to the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism in ESRD patients. Kidney International 2005 67, S1-S7DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09500.x) Copyright © 2005 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Vitamin D levels and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD)6. Patients with progressive CKD, as determined by glomerular filtration rates (GFR), have decreased levels of vitamin D and a corresponding increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Kidney International 2005 67, S1-S7DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09500.x) Copyright © 2005 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Clinical consequences of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Increased risk of cardiovascular and bone disease arises as a result of elevated PTH levels. Kidney International 2005 67, S1-S7DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09500.x) Copyright © 2005 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients compared with their counterparts in the general population (GP). Increased percent annual mortality is seen in dialysis patients regardless of age, sex, or ethnicity12. Kidney International 2005 67, S1-S7DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09500.x) Copyright © 2005 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Elevated serum phosphorus levels is associated with increased risk of mortality in dialysis patients. Increased serum phosphate (>6.5 mg/dL) in CKD patients is associated with increased risk of mortality. Kidney International 2005 67, S1-S7DOI: (10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.09500.x) Copyright © 2005 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions