Во ВЕСТИТЕ Индија Сабота, 18 фебруари 2006 (Њу Делхи/Мумбај): Првиот случај на птичји грип беше конфирмиран во Нандурбар во областа Махараштра.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
C E N T R A L P I E D M O N T C O M M U N I T Y C O L L E G E Pandemic and Influenza: A Guide to Understanding.
Advertisements

1 Avian Influenza Bird Flu H5N1. 2 Avian Influenza… Is a respiratory illness in birds Wild birds and ducks are the natural reservoir for infection, though.
Humanitarian Pandemic Preparedness and Response Phnom Penh 12 October, 2009 Ron Waldman, MD.
Epidemics How can we protect ourselves against bird flu?
The pandemic and a brief ABC of influenza Thomas Abraham JMSC 6090.
Avian Influenza A (H5N1) “Bird Flu” TRCPA November 18, 2005 Charles W. Mackett III, MD FAAFP Executive Vice Chair Department of Family Medicine University.
U.S. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response: Planning and Activities “The pandemic influenza clock is ticking. We just don’t know what time it is.”
Avian Influenza A(H5N1) and Risks to Human Health Technical Meeting on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Human H5N1 infection Rome June 2007.
Avian Influenza – The Bird Flu
Avian Influenza / Pandemic Influenza Neyla Gargouri Darwaza, M.D. Surveillance Department Directorate of Disease Control Ministry of Health, Jordan.
So Far Primarily an Avian Disease Considering geographic spread and lethality in birds – very little human disease Fear that the virus may develop the.
Bird Flu.  Bird flu, also known as Avian Influenza, is a type A influenza virus. It is fatal to humans. Bird flu spreads between both wild and pet birds.
Andrew Pelletier, MD, MPH Maine Department of Health and Human Services June 26, 2006 Pandemic Influenza.
About Swine Flu Dr.Kedar Karki. What is Swine Influenza? Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza virus.
By Andrew Garaniel University of California, Irvine
Miriam Nuño Harvard School of Public Health, USA Gerardo Chowell Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA Abba Gumel University of Manitoba, Canada AIMS/DIMACS/SACEMA.
Avian Influenza – What does it all mean? Important Background Information Island Paravets and Residents.
1. 2 The Public Health Agency of Canada Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: An Overview Dr. Paul Gully Deputy Chief Public Health Officer Ottawa, 19 January.
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Kentucky Department for Public Health Department for Public Health.
How serious is the threat of an Avian flu Human Pandemic Avian (Bird) December 2005.
Developing a vaccine and how a pandemic could occur.
PANDEMIC RISK. 3 pre-requisites for a Pandemic 1. The emergence of a new virus strain with no circulating immunity within the human population 2. The.
Pandemic Influenza. Guidance for Pandemic Influenza: Infection Control in Hospitals and Primary Care Settings UK Pandemic Influenza Contingency Plan Operational.
What is Pandemic Influenza?. Pandemic Influenza A global outbreak of disease that occurs when a new influenza virus appears or “emerges” in the human.
Avian Flu. Simplified Bird flu timeline (HONG KONG) - 18 Hong Kong people infected by Avian influenza - Epidemic of bird flu in local poultry.
Pandemic Influenza; A Harbinger of Things to Come Michael T Osterholm PhD, MPH Director, Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy Associate Director,
Learning from the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Response 1 Daniel S. Miller MD, MPH Director, International Influenza Unit Office of the Secretary Office of Global.
Stanislaus County It’s Not Flu as Usual It’s Not Flu as Usual Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Renee Cartier Emergency Preparedness Manager Health Services.
Traveling Fever The following slides represent a realistic public health crisis event and you are charged with developing first messages for the public.
April 25, 2009 Mexico Shuts Some Schools Amid Deadly Flu Outbreak Mexico’s flu season is usually over by now, but health officials have noticed a significant.
HHS Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Planning Julie Louise Gerberding, MD, MPH.
Avian Influenza "bird flu" Contagious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds and pigs H5N1 can infect people (very rarely)
Food and Drug Administration
Influenza Today Joseph Mester, Ph.D. September 24, 2009.
U.S. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response: Update & Progress Report “The pandemic influenza clock is ticking. We just don’t know what time it is.”
Avian Flu Pandemic. November 20, 2006 An outbreak of the highly pathogenic H5N1 strain of the Avian Flu has occurred among chickens on a poultry farm.
Pandemic Influenza: What Is It and Why Should We Care? Dr. Judith A. Monroe, MD State Health Commissioner.
A Potential Influenza Pandemic: Possible Macroeconomic Effects and Policy Issues Julie Somers Congressional Budget Office Prepared for the Ninth Annual.
Avian Influenza H5N1 Prepared by: Samia ALhabardi.
OBJECTIVES Pandemic Influenza Then and Now Public Health Pandemic Influenza Planning –What to expect –What not to expect Individual/Employee Pandemic.
The Vermont Department of Health Overview of Pandemic Influenza Regional Pandemic Planning Summits 2006 Guidance Support Prevention Protection.
Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, WHO Avian Influenza Credit: WHO Viet Nam.
1 |1 | Situation Update Influenza A (H1N1), 26 May 09.
It’s Just Not the Flu Anymore Rick Hong, MD Associate Chairman CCHS EMC Medical Director, PHPS.
An Overview of Pandemic Influenza Planning in the United States NAPHSIS Annual Meeting June 7, 2006 David K. Shay Influenza.
John R. LaMontagne Memorial Symposium on Pandemic Influenza Research April 4-5, 2005 Institute of Medicine Working Group Two: Controlling Animal Influenza.
Part IV: H5N1 Human Outbreaks. Chotani, GIDSAS-JHU, 2006 GIDSAS Avian Influenza A(H5N1), 1997 Avian Influenza A(H5N1) caused 18 cases of influenza with.
The Vermont Department of Health Update on Pandemic Threat Cort Lohff, MD, MPH State Epidemiologist Guidance Support Prevention Protection.
Avian Influenza H5N1 The Next Pandemic? May 9, 2006.
Influenza A (H1N1). What is Influenza A (H1N1)? Influenza A(H1N1) is caused by a novel virus that resulted from the reassortment of 4 viruses from pigs,
PANDEMIC H1N1 IN HANOI-VIETNAM: OVERVIEW AND RESPONSE.
Building a Business as Great as Our Product 1 PANDEMIC INFLUENZA IN THE WORKPLACE WILLIAM CANDLER, D.O., M.T.M.& H. Medical Director John Deere Harvester.
Trends and dynamics of HPAI - epidemiological and animal health risks Technical Meeting on HPAI and Human H5N1 Infection Rome, Italy, June 27-29, 2007.
Will it be just a scare … or a scar on human history? Bird flu.
Chapter 11: Nursing in Pandemics and Emergency Preparedness.
PANDEMIC INFLUENZA M. Rony Francois, MD, MSPH, PhD
AHI + Humanitarian Action
David Nabarro United Nations System Influenza Coordination
Avian Influenza A (H5N1) “Bird Flu”
Part IV: H5N1 Human Outbreaks
Грип: Закана за пандемија
مراقبت بیماری انفلوانزا پایگاه دیده ور
Influenza يك بيماري بسيار مسري عفوني ويروسي است.
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه حوزه معاونت امور بهداشتی آذرماه 1394
Annual UW Disaster Exercise
The Role of NICs in Influenza Surveillance
Planning for Pandemic Influenza
Influenza Pandemic: A Threats to Regional and National Health and Development CSRU, SEARD.
Decision Making During a Novel H1N1 Influenza Epidemic
Rich Feifer, MD, MPH, FACP April 27, 2009
Presentation transcript:

Во ВЕСТИТЕ Индија Сабота, 18 фебруари 2006 (Њу Делхи/Мумбај): Првиот случај на птичји грип беше конфирмиран во Нандурбар во областа Махараштра. Во сабота наутро, лабораторијата за анимални болести во Бопал конфирмира дека 7 од 12 примероци земени од мртвите птици се позитивни за болест. Лабораторијата тестираше примероци од кокошки умрени во изминатите неколку недели во Нандурбар, појас кој се наоѓа долж границата на Махараштра со Гујарат. Преку 50 000 умреа во последните неколку недели во Нандурбар. До сега нема лабораториска конфирамција за случаи кај луѓе.

Во ВЕСТИТЕ 2 март, 2006: Беше регистриран случај во Франција кај една дива гуска умрена во близината на Лион, во регионот познат по квалитетот на нивните кокошки. Во северна Шпанија се тестира гуска најдена мртва во едно езеро Германија и Австрија известија за повеќе случаи на птичји грип Властите во Бугарија ставија еден маж во изолација и го тестираа за H5N1 откако умреа две од неговите гуски Германскиот канцелар Ангела Меркел вчера ги преиспитуваше мерките за борба со птичјиот грип на балтичкиот остров Руеген, што армиските експерти за дезинфекција ги презедоа за спречување на ширењето на вирусот Вчера во Италија, министерот за здравство рече дека мртвата гуска најдена во централна Италија е позитивна на H5N1 Болеста е проширена и во Египет каде е пријавен нивниот прв случај на H5N1. На 2 март птичји грип беше пријавен и во Пакистан. Беа зафатени две фарми за кокошки во Карсада и Аботабат. H5 беше конфирмиран, а N1 конфирмацијата е во тек. Луѓето што имале контакт беа ставени во карантин, а 25 000 кокошки беа уништени.

Земји кои пријавиле појава на конфирмирани случаи на H5N1 грип кај домашните и диви птици од 2003

There is nothing more determined then poultry with a plan…. She is poultry in motion……..

H5N1 хумани случаи од птичји грип од декември 2004

Птичји грип A(H5N1), 1997 Вирусот A(H5N1) предизвика 18 случаи на птичји грип и 6 смртни случаи во областа на Хонг Конг. Експерите се загрижени дека вирусот може да мутира со што ќе се поттикне трансмисијата од човек на човек. Between May and December of 1997 a novel influenza A virus H5N1 emerged in Hong Kong and caused 6 deaths among 18 confirmed cases. Cases were spread throughout the province. Between March and May of 1997, the virus was detected in three chicken farms, resulting in killing 6,800 birds. The virus was eradicated by quarantine and extermination of more than 17 million birds costing US $60 million in direct and US $250 million in indirect cost (RC6). As most of the surveillance in Hong Kong was conducted in hospitals, there is a possibility that many milder cases may not have been recognized.

Загриженост од пандемија денес In 2005 major news magazines did stories on influenza….. Is Asia hatching the next pandemic? The Killer Flu: Can we stop it?

Загриженост од пандемија денес Health Alert!!! One Way for Bird Flu to Enter the country is on international flights. So please avoid getting on to an airplane that behaves like this….. Such cartoons are appearing around the globe …. will this fear of acquiring H5N1 cause another problem to the airline industry? SARS caused substantial damage to the airline industry.

Загриженост од пандемија денес Cartoon from India

Закана од пандемија на H5N1 грип Птичји грип во 9 земји 34 хумани случаи 23 смртни случаи (68%) Уништување на кокошките >100 m Птичји грип во Хонг Конг 18 хумани случаи 6 смртни случаи(33%) Уништување на живината Птичји грип во 4 земји 7 хумани случаи и 6 смртни случаи(86%) Човек на човек? Движење на H5N1инфекциите This slide shows the timeline from 1997 to 2004 of H5N1 among humans 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Зафатени земји со конфирмирани хумани случаи на H5N1 грип од 2003 This map shows the affected countries and areas where confirmed human cases have been documented since 2003. The map is dated March 2, 2006. As of March 2, 2006. Source: WHO/WPRO

Зафатени земји со конфирмирани хумани случаи на 5N1 грип од Јануари 2006 The previous slide showed a map of affected countries and areas where confirmed human cases have been documented since 2003. This slide shows the affected countries and areas where confirmed human cases have been documented since 2006. The difference that needs to be understood is that in 2006 the disease spread to Turkey and Iraq. Furthermore, new cases were seen in China and Indonesia. The map is dated March 2, 2006. As of March 2, 2006. Source: WHO/WPRO

Кумулативен број на конфирмирани хумани случаи на птичји грип A/(H5N1) од 26 декември 2003 до 2 март 2006 Source: WHO

Кумулативен број на конфирмирани хумани случаи на птичји грип A/(H5N1) од 26 декември 2003 до 2 март 2006 Mortality: 43.2% Mortality: 69.6% Mortality: 60% Mortality: 100% Each year since 2003 the number of human H5N1 cases have increased. 30 cases have already been confirmed in the first two months of 2006. If this trend continues there will be much more cases in 2006 then previously seen. Case-specific mortality in confirmed cases have fluctuated, perhaps due to: variation of medical support/assistance of availability and accessibility of the countries experience dealing with this illness. decrease in virulence Vietnam had 100% (3/3) deaths in 2003 and 69% (20/29) deaths in 2004. In 2005 the largest number of confirmed cases (61) were identified in Vietnam with only 19 deaths (31%). Source: WHO

Кумулативен број на конфирмирани хумани случаи на птичји грип A/(H5N1) од 26 декември 2003 до 2 март 2006 In laboratory confirmed cases overall mortality since 2003 is over 50%. Critical to note is that a lot of cases might not have been identified due to non-reporting or due to a milder disease. Source: WHO

Состанок за птичјиот грип и хуманиот пандемиски грип Дата: 7-9 ноември, 2005 Место: Женева, Швајцарија СЗО, ФАО И СБ беа коспонзори на состанокот за птичји грип и хуманиот пандемиски грип во седиштето на СЗО во Женева. На состанокот учествуваа членови на земјите-организатори, претставници на земјите-членки, донаторски партнери и регионални организации ангажирани на различни аспекти на грипот и вклучувајќи ја и подготовката на интегрираните национални планови за справување со овој проблем, со фокус на зафатените земји и земјите под ризик. The overall objectives were: To confirm the two-pronged strategy: to control avian influenza at source in animals for the short and medium term and simultaneously prepare for pandemic influenza; To support national plans in line with the above strategy through commitment at national, regional and global levels; To discuss shared responsibilities of the international community and technical organizations and agencies in assisting affected countries and countries at risk; To assess national, regional and global needs with broad indications of resources required in the short and medium term, review current bilateral and multilateral initiatives to avoid duplication and identify potential synergies; To discuss and outline coordination mechanisms necessary at national, sub-regional, regional and global levels to ensure effective and rapid mobilization of resources and oversee the impact and progress in implementation; To identify key next steps based on an agreed strategy with the political support and backing from the international community. Source: WHO/WPRO

СЕГАШНА ФАЗА НА ПАНДЕМИСКА ОПАСНОСТ СПОРЕД СЗО Интерпандемиска фаза Нов вирус кај животните, нема случаи кај луѓе Низок ризик за случаи кај луѓе Зголемен ризик за случаи кај луѓе Пандемиска опасност Нема или е многу ограничен преносот од човек на човек Нов вирус предизвикува случаи кај луѓе Податоци за зголемување на преносот од човек на човек Податоци за значајно зголемување на преносот од човек на човек Experts at WHO and elsewhere believe that the world is now closer to another influenza pandemic than at any time since 1968, when the last of the previous century's three pandemics occurred. WHO uses a series of six phases of pandemic alert as a system for informing the world of the seriousness of the threat and of the need to launch progressively more intense preparedness activities. The designation of phases, including decisions on when to move from one phase to another, is made by the Director-General of WHO. Each phase of alert coincides with a series of recommended activities to be undertaken by WHO, the international community, governments, and industry. Changes from one phase to another are triggered by several factors, which include the epidemiological behaviour of the disease and the characteristics of circulating viruses. The world is presently in phase 3: a new influenza virus subtype is causing disease in humans, but is not yet spreading efficiently and sustainably among humans. Пандемија Евидентен и оджлив пренос од човек на човек

Глобална мрежа за следење на грипот Препораки за подготовка на вакцини Серолошки студии Национални лиценцирани агенции Антигена & генетска анализа WHO CC Дијагностички реагенси Видови на вакцини Потентност на тест-реагенсите What it take to make the vaccine? The WHO Global influenza surveillance network makes recommendations for the formation of influenza vaccine each year. This is a rather complex process requiring surveillance, isolation of representative strain, antigenic and genetic analysis, serological studies. Изолација на репрезентативни видови од клинички примероци Национални центри за грип Епидемиолошки податоци за болеста Source: WHO Global Influenza Program

Развој на вакцината за грип Source: WHO Global Influenza Program

Вакцина против пандемиски грип Source: WHO Global Influenza Program

Клиничките податоци ја зголемуваат расположливоста на вакцината Критични точки “Чист” сој Производствени барања Производствен сѕстем“EGG” биобезбедност Клиничките податоци овозможуваат поголема расположливостна вакцината … Клиничките податоци ја зголемуваат расположливоста на вакцината Other problems creating bottleneck affects are described in this slide. Клинички испитувања Source: WHO Global Influenza Program

Капацитети за производство на вакцини It is interesting that most of the current vaccine production capacity (70%) lies in Europe which exports 50% of its production. Source: WHO Global Influenza Program

Потрошувачка на вакцини- 2000 The previous slide showed the limited capacity of the US to produce vaccine. This slide shows the vaccine consumption for the year 2000. US and Canada are the largest consumers of the vaccine. Source: WHO Global Influenza Program

Вакцини Предизвици: H5 HA е со посиромашна имуногеност во споредба со H3N2 или H1N1 вирусите денешните вакцини против H5 бараат две дози или адјувант за да се индуцира неопходното ниво на неутрализирачки антитела Вирусот на грип има висока стапка на грешка што му овозвожува постојан развој/еволуција Има две класи на циркулирачки HPAI H5N1 вирус Производните капацитети се ограничени, а лиценцните барања се поврзани HHS Announces $100 Million to Accelerate State and Local Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Efforts As part of President Bush’s plan to mobilize the nation to prepare for an influenza pandemic, HHS Secretary Mike Leavitt today announced $100 million in funding for state and local preparedness. This funding is part of $350 million included in the recent emergency appropriation for combating pandemic influenza passed by Congress in December. These initial grants will be awarded to all 50 states, 7 territories, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. Each state will receive a minimum of $500,000, with additional allocation of funds by population. In addition to the state grants, funds are being awarded to New York City, Chicago and Los Angeles County. The remaining $250 million from the appropriation will be awarded later this year in accord with guidance that will require progress and performance.

Вакцини 16 септеври 2005 – HHS Нови податоци US DHHS купува $100 милиони од вакцини за птичји грип Вакцината не е одобрена од FDA Утврдена е соодветната доза Заштита на 2 до 20 милиони американци HHS Announces $100 Million to Accelerate State and Local Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Efforts States and municipalities will use these funds to accelerate and intensify current planning efforts for pandemic influenza and to exercise their plans. The focus is on practical, community-based procedures that could prevent or delay the spread of pandemic influenza, and help to reduce the burden of illness communities would contend with during an outbreak. President Bush has outlined a coordinated government strategy that includes the establishment of the new International Partnership on Avian and Pandemic Influenza, stockpiling of vaccines and antiviral medications, expansion of early-warning systems domestically and abroad, as well as new funding and initiatives for local and state level preparedness.

Вакцини Предлог за инактивирана вакцина: Sanofi Pasture развива неадјувантна, инактивирана H5N1 вакцина како предлог Проспективна, рандомизирана и дупло слепа клиничка проба (~450 возрасни, 18-64 години) утврди потреба од две дози (неутрализирачки титар 1:40) Започнува тестирањето на деца и стари Предлог за жива, атенуирана вакцина: MedImmune ќе развие (во договор со САД)најмалку по една вакцина за секој од 16 HA Предлог за вакцина е развиен за H5 & H9 (фаза 1 на клиничкото испитување) Vaccines are produced each year for seasonal influenza but will not protect against pandemic influenza. According to the WHO although a vaccine against the H5N1 virus is under development in several countries, no vaccine is ready for commercial production and no vaccines are expected to be widely available until several months after the start of a pandemic. Some clinical trials are now under way to test whether experimental vaccines will be fully protective and to determine whether different formulations can economize on the amount of antigen required, thus boosting production capacity. Because the vaccine needs to closely match the pandemic virus, large-scale commercial production will not start until the new virus has emerged and a pandemic has been declared. Current global production capacity falls far short of the demand expected during a pandemic. Two candidate vaccines have been developed and are currently being tested.

Вакцини Нова вакцина добиена со генетски инжинеринг креирана од научниците во CDC и е независна од јајца и адјуванси. Hoelscher MA at al. Lancet. 2006 Feb 11;367(9509):475-81. Слична, базирана на аденовирус influenza A вирус вакцина насочена против хемаглутининскиот (HA) антиген на A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) (VN/1203/04) сојот изолиран за време на леталната епидемија во Виетнам од 2003-2005. Gao W et al. Protection of mice and poultry from lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus through adenovirus-based immunization. J Virol. 2006 Feb;80(4):1959-64. This CDC developed vaccine is a replication-incompetent, human adenoviral-vector-based, haemagglutinin subtype 5 influenza vaccine (HAd-H5HA), which induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against avian H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from people. Their findings highlight the potential of an Ad-vector-based delivery system, which is both egg-independent and adjuvant-independent and offers stockpiling options for the development of a pandemic influenza vaccine. Gao et al showed in their study that mice vaccinated with full-length HA were fully protected from challenge with VN/1203/04. They next evaluated the efficacy of adenovirus-based vaccination in domestic chickens, given the critical role of fowl species in the spread of HPAI worldwide. A single subcutaneous immunization completely protected chickens from an intranasal challenge 21 days later with VN/1203/04, which proved lethal to all control-vaccinated chickens within 2 days. These data indicate that the rapid production and subsequent administration of recombinant adenovirus-based vaccines to both birds and high-risk individuals in the face of an outbreak may serve to control the pandemic spread of lethal avian influenza.

Хемотерапија M2 инхибитори (спречуваат фузија на мембраната) Amantidine (Symmetrel) Remantidine (Flumadine) Неуроминидаза инхибитори Zanamivir (Relenza) US купува $2.8 милиони (може да третира 84,300 лица) Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Peramivir (потентноста е поголема in vitro)??? The M2 inhibitors: Amantadine and rimantadine, could potentially be used against pandemic influenza, but resistance to these drugs can develop rapidly and this could significantly limit their effectiveness against pandemic influenza. Some currently circulating H5N1 strains are fully resistant to these the M2 inhibitors. However, should a new virus emerge through reassortment, the M2 inhibitors might be effective. Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors: Oseltamivir (commercially known as Tamiflu) and zanamivir (commercially known as Relenza) can reduce the severity and duration of illness caused by seasonal influenza. The efficacy of the NA inhibitors depends, among others, on their early administration (within 48 hours after symptom onset). For cases of human infection with H5N1, the drugs may improve prospects of survival, if administered early, but clinical data are limited. The H5N1 virus is expected to be susceptible to the NA inhibitors. Antiviral resistance to NA inhibitors has been clinically negligible so far but is likely to be detected during widespread use during a pandemic. A new NA inhibitor peramivir has shown potential in vitro studies.

Вакцинација против сезонскиот грип Следење Уништување на птиците Карантин Дезинфекција Вакцинација против сезонскиот грип Развој на H5N1 вакцина Складирање на антивирални лекови Планирање и подготовка Can a pandemic occur and if it does can it be prevented? No one knows with certainty. The only guaranteed way would be to eliminate virus from the bird population globally – a task that is unachievable in the near future. Thus, being proactive is perhaps the best strategy. It is critical to develop: A complete and comprehensive understanding of the past pandemics A through preparedness plan An excellent surveillance and logistical capacity Strategies: To enforce movement restrictions in and out of the affected area For quarantine Culling Disinfection To increase the likelihood that early intervention using the WHO rapid-intervention stockpile of antiviral drugs will be successful (currently WHO has antiviral medications, sufficient for 3 million treatment courses) . These drugs could be used prophylactically near the start of a pandemic to reduce the risk that a fully transmissible virus will emerge or at least to delay its international spread, thus gaining time to augment vaccine supplies. Vaccine development Global coordination Mass education

Furthermore, keeping the communication channels open and collaboration will be the corner stone for dealing with a pandemic. This slide illustrates the amazing collaborative effort that is underway in the US to deal with the influenza season.

Следната пандемија? Потенцијални последици од следната пандемија (CDC) 2-7.4 милиони смртни случаи Во зафатените земји: 134-233 милиони амбулантски посети 1.5-5.2 милиони хоспитализации ~25% зголемени потреби од кревети за интензивна нега, вентилатори и др.

Значајни пораки Заканата за јавното здравство ќе постои се додека вирусот продолжува да предизвикува болест кај домашната живина Епидемијата кај живината бара многу долго време за да се стави под контрола Крајните предуслови за случај на пандемија треба да се исполнат зошто последиците по човековото здравје може да бидат опустошувачки Независно од понатамошниот развој на ситуацијата, светот мора подобро да се подготви за одговор на следната пандемија на грип.

Времето е значајно за постигнување на резултати “Единствено нешто што е потешко од подготовките за одговор во случај на итност е да се објасни зошто тоа не сте го направиле” Делувајте превентивно, а НЕ реактивно Мораме да се подготвиме за следната пандемија!!