Steroids & Muscle Growth Jennifer Schrandt Jennifer.Schrandt@stonybrook.edu Stony Brook University

Steroid Structure http://www.raw-milk-facts.com/cholesterol_primer_T3.html http://www.britannica.com/science/steroid

Mechanism of Steroid Hormones

Most Effective Steroids: Anabolic, Androgenic Steroids http://www.britannica.com/science/steroid

Physiological Effects of Testosterone DHT = dihydrotestosterone E2 = estradiol

Normal Testosterone Levels http://www.healthline.com/health/low-testosterone/testosterone-levels-by-age#Adolescence3

Abuse of Testosterone & Derivatives Typically dosed at 100-300 mg per week; shouldn’t use more than 600 mg in a week Frequent low doses combined with exercise Routes of administration: oral, cream, i.v. Body size affects dosage in that larger body size decreases the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream

Side Effects of Testosterone Usage Men & women Aggression High blood pressure Higher levels of LDL cholesterol Liver disease Oily skin and acne Skin infections Men: Reduced sperm count Shrink testicles Enlarged breasts Women: Increased body hair Decreased breast size Deepen voice

Metabolism of Testosterone Explains Differential Side Effects Srinivas-Shankar & Wu, 2006

Non-Steroidal Muscle Growth Enhancement

Myostatin Inhibition http://muscularhypertrophysyndrome.weebly.com/introduction.html http://suppversity.blogspot.com/2011/08/doping-20-myostatin-blocker-we-are.html

Cohen et al., 2015

Implications for Myostatin Inhibition Cohen et al., 2015

Questions? Jennifer.Schrandt@stonybrook.edu