The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution How was science becoming more modern in the West? Do you find that a particular development stands out among the rest?
The Scientific Revolution The Context Scientific Revolution (16th-18th centuries) Ancient and Medieval Mindset Dependent on Greco-Roman thinkers Science vs. pseudoscience? Europe still very “religious,” “superstitious”
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution The Old Astronomy Ptolemaic Theory GEOCENTRIC universe Bible, human observation “support” this Celestial bodies contain “ether”
The Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs (1543) Proposed HELIOCENTRIC universe Remained hypothesis initially
The Scientific Revolution Johann Kepler (1570-1630) Provided mathematical confirmation for Copernicus’s theory Laws of Planetary Motion Planets follow elliptical orbits, not circular Distance and time of revolution in constant ratio
The Scientific Revolution Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Advocate of Copernican theory Discoveries with telescope Imperfections on moon Sunspots
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution Galileo: Outspoken Advocate of Copernican Theory Asked to treat theory as hypothesis, not fact – but did not! Tried by Inquisition (1633) recanted Died within Catholic Church (1642)
The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution Questions?
The Scientific Revolution Further Advances Physics: Law of Gravity Chemistry: use chemicals to treat disease Bloodletting
The Scientific Revolution Discoveries in Biology Human anatomy Blood circulation Bacteria discovered with microscope Vesalius and students
The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Method Empirical observation Experimentation Data
The Scientific Revolution Scientific Discoveries Revolution in Thought Old paradigms swept away Faith in human reason optimism Skepticism beginning to brew need for evidence
The Scientific Revolution John Locke (1632-1704) Political theorist People possess “natural rights” Function of government Protect everyone’s rights Mutual contract between ruler and ruled Break in contract ruled have right to reconsider ruler
The Scientific Revolution Questions?
The Scientific Revolution How was science becoming more modern in the West? Do you find that a particular development stands out among the rest?