Unit 4: Plant Structure 2015-2016 Ms. Mccabe SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Standard SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Guiding Question How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. Describe how the structure of a leaf is adapted to make photosynthesis more efficient. Describe the role of plant structures in regulating the exchange of gases (CO2, O2 and H2O vapor) between the leaf and the atmosphere. SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Clarifications Students will explain how the structures of plant tissues and organs are directly related to their roles in physiological processes. Physiological processes are limited to photosynthesis, cellular respiration, transpiration, and reproduction. Plant organs are limited to roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and cones. Plant tissues are limited to meristematic, ground, dermal, and vascular tissues. Plant structures are limited to cambium, guard cells, phloem, seed, stomata, and xylem. Mitosis nor meiosis will be assessed. SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

ENGage – Guess & Check On your notes paper, complete the table with the following choices: Stem Leaf Fruit Flower Root Seed Fruit/Vegetable Part of Plant Cabbage Carrot Celery Stalk Corn Kernel Garlic Onion Tomato Zucchini SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

ENGage – Guess & Check If you were correct, put a check mark Fruit/Vegetable Part of Plant Cabbage Flower Carrot Root Celery Stalk Stem Corn Kernel Seed Garlic Onion Tomato Fruit Zucchini If you were correct, put a check mark If you were incorrect, write in the correct answer in a different color SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – Plant classification How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Angiosperms = flowering plants Monocot = mono/single seed part Dicot = di/2 seed parts Gymnosperms = NO flowers Ferns Conifers = cone producers SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – Plant organs Root Stem Leaves Flowers Fruit Cones How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Root Stem Leaves Flowers Fruit Cones SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Answer the following on your paper: Explain – Plant organs How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Root Absorbs water and nutrients Anchors the plant, supports the above-ground part of the plant Stores food Answer the following on your paper: Photosynthesis requires the input of water and nutrients. How might these root functions help the process of photosynthesis? SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Answer the following on your paper: Explain – Plant organs How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Stem = Responsible for the size and shape of the plant Supports the leaves, positions them to receive as much sunlight as possible Moves water, minerals, and manufactured food throughout the whole plant Green stems produce food through photosynthesis Answer the following on your paper: Photosynthesis requires the input of sunlight. How might these stem functions help the process of photosynthesis? SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – Plant organs Leaves How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Leaves Produce food for the plants Designed to efficiently collect light and use that light to make energy Answer the following on your paper: How might these leaf functions help the process of photosynthesis? SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – Plant organs Female Flowers How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Female Flowers Pistil = the female part of the flower which includes: Ovary = produces egg Stigma = sticky part that catches pollen Style = rod-shaped middle part that has a swollen base (ovary) SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower Mature Pollen Grain Sperm Cells Tube Cell Nucleus 1. pollen grains land on stigma 3B: Fusion of 2nd sperm + two polar nuclei 2. pollen tubes grow down stigma to ovary Stigma 3. double fertilization Style Sperm 3A: Fusion of sperm + egg Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower Ovule Polar nuclei Ovary Egg

Explain – Plant organs Male Flowers How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Male Flowers Stamen = the male part of the flower which includes: Filament = stalk that holds up the anther Anther = sack-like structure that contains pollen Pollen grains contain the male sperm SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – Plant organs Complete Flowers How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Complete Flowers Have both male and female parts Flowers that have sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens Sepals = green leaves that protect the flower before it opens Petals = colorful, leaf-like structures that attract animals and insects as pollinators SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

A Complete Flower Has Both Male and Female Parts Produces pollen Male part Stamen Anther Attracts pollinator Filament Stigma Petal Pistil Style Sepal Ovary Encloses and Protects Bud Female part Produces egg

Explain – Plant organs Fruit How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Fruit When the eggs have been fertilized, the ovary and surrounding tissue start to enlarge to become a fruit and the fertilized eggs become seeds SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – Plant organs Cones (in non-flowering plants) How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Cones (in non-flowering plants) Contain female reproductive structures SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – Plant Tissues How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Meristematic = cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures Ground = forms the bulk of the leaf Makes sugars Storage/support Dermal = for protection Vascular = transport and support Xylem & phloem SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – Plant Structures How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Cambium = produces new xylem and phloem cells Guard cells = surround the stomata to open & close it Stomata = holes in dermal tissue responsible for gas exchange Xylem = tissue that carries water & nutrients from roots to the leaves (direction is UP the plant) Phloem = tissue that carries food produced in the leaf to the rest of the plant (direction is DOWN the plant) Seed = the fertilized egg SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – physiological processes How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Reproduction Transpiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – physiological processes How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Reproduction Stamen releases pollen Pollen is carried by wind, gravity, animals, or insects to the stigma of another flower Pollen moves from stigma down through the style depositing sperm in the ovary When the sperm has been deposited in the ovary, fertilization has occurred The ovary and surrounding tissue grow to become a fruit and the fertilized eggs become seeds SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – physiological processes How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Transpiration Water moves through the plant to evaporate through holes in the leaves These holes are called stomata, which are surrounded by guard cells which open and close the holes SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

Explain – physiological processes How are plant organs organized into systems that carry out the basic physiological processes in plants, including photosynthesis? Photosynthesis = plants take in water and carbon dioxide to produce sugar and oxygen Cellular Respiration = animals and plants take in oxygen and sugars to produce carbon dioxide and water (includes the form of sweat) PS and CR are opposite processes The reactant of one is the product of the other SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.