Semester Exam Review Biology Reminders: review after school today to 3:30. Exam Day: Bring something to write with and something to do when you are done with the exam!!!

Match the scientists involved with spontaneous generation Used a curved neck flask with gravy to prove life does not generate from a “life force” in the air Boiled covered and uncovered gravy in a flask and found microorganisms in both (thought spon. gen. was possible) Used covered and uncovered jars of meat to prove maggots came from flies Proved spon. gen. was not possible by repeating Needham’s experiment and boiling the gravy longer/higher heat 1. Redi 2. Pasteur 3. Spallanzani 4. Needham Answers: C, A, D, B

Convert 100 mm to meters (use the stair-step) Answer: .100 meters

Convert 55 dam to km Answer: .55 km

What organelle is in plant cells but not animal cells? (M.C.) A. Cell membrane B. Flagella C. ER D. Chloroplast Answer: D

What organelles provide energy for a cell? (M.C.) A. Chloroplast B. Mitochondria C. Smooth ER D. Golgi apparatus E. Both A and B Answer: E

What is the purpose of the cell membrane? Answer: to regulate entry and exit for the cell, support and protection

What is region A called what is region B called What is region A called what is region B called? Which is phobic, which is philic? Answer: A is the head and philic, B are the tails and is phobic

Which of the following prevents a build up of toxins in a cell? (M.C.) A. Centrioles B. Cell Wall C. Nucleus D. Lysosomes Answer: D

Answer these in order: what is letter D, F, and H pointing to? Answer: D is the nucleolus, F is the mitochondria, H is a ribosome OR lysosome

A student is conducting the radish seed lab and experimenting with seed growth. They add Mountain Dew to 1 cup for 5 days, and water to a 2nd cup for 5 days. They record growth in centimeters. What’s the independent variable? Dependent variable? Answer: Independent is the liquid (Mt. Dew), dependent variable is the growth (responding)

What element (it’s a common one) do all organic compounds/molecules contain? Answer: Carbon

Which of the following is an organic molecule? (M.C.) A. Fe2 B. CuSO4 C. C12H22O11 D. NaCl Answer: C-contains carbon!!!

If you are almost focused in on something which knob should you use? Fine Adjustment Knob!

How do you calculate the power of magnification you are using with a microscope? Answer: eyepiece (10x) times the objective lens. For example, low power is 4x times the eyepiece (10) equals a total magnification of 40x

Answer the Following about Oxygen 8 O 16.00 Oxygen How many protons are there? How many neutrons? What’s the atomic mass? Answer: 8, 8 (subtract 16-8), 16

Answer the following with molecule, atom, compound, or both compound/molecule NaCl Fe H2 Answer: Molecule, compound/molecule, atom, molecule

Draw a Bohr model for sodium (Na), see information below. 11 Na 23

Use the information below to determine whether the bonds shown below are ionic or covalent. Answer: picture on left is ionic (transferring), picture on right is covalent (sharing)

Do acidic substance have more H+ or OH-? Answer: acids have H+, bases have OH-

How much more acidic is something that has a pH of 1 compared to a pH of 3? Answer: 100 times more acidic (factor of 10 on the pH scale)

M.C. (A-C) Which of the following is more acidic? A. Urine (pH of 6.0) B. Rainwater (pH of 5.5) C. Tomato juice (pH of 4.0) Answer: tomato juice is more acidic, urine is most basic

What are the 4 macromolecules? Name the elements that make up each type. Answer: Carbohydrates- C, H, O (1:2:1) Lipids- C, H Proteins- C, H, O, N Nucleic Acids

Is the lipid below unsaturated or saturated Is the lipid below unsaturated or saturated? What are the 2 ways in which you could tell? Answer: Saturated- straight tails, and single bonds

Answer the following about enzymes: 1. What macromolecule are they? 2. Are they reusable? 3. What are the things they bond with? (Hint: what fits in their active sites?) 4. What denatures them? Answer: Proteins, yes reusable, substrates, heat and pH denatures them

What’s the shape and arrangement of the bacteria pictured below? Answer: streptococcus kepler.uag.mx

Answer the following about viruses… Difference between lytic and lysogenic cycles 2 examples of a virus Why are they not living? Answer: lytic cycle uses the host cell to make new copies of itself and burst the cell open/lysogenic permanently inserts DNA into the host and can switch into lytic. HIV and Ebola, they are not made of cells and require a host

Give 2 reasons why having more surface area relative to volume is crucial for a cell to survive. Answer: If there is more surface area compared to volume the cell can transport/absorb nutrients faster, more efficient at diffusion and osmosis, speed of processing is greater like oxygen and carbon dioxide, water also.