Radical Islamic Fundamentalism ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How can global terrorism be prevented?

TEKS and Objectives I will… We will… (1F) identify major causes and describe the major effects of radical Islamic Fundamentalism Participate in a class discussion about the United States’ role in Middle Eastern conflicts

OPEC and Oil as a Political Weapon Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Many members located around Persian Gulf Refused to sell oil to countries friendly with Israel High oil prices gave them wealth and power

The Iranian Revolution (1979) Shah Reza Pahlavi Adopted Western culture/technology Government guilty of corruption/repression Overthrown by rebels Ayatollah Khomeini Islamic Fundamentalist Iran’s new ruler

The Iranian Revolution Radical Islamic Fundamentalism Sought to restore basic Muslim values Reaction to Western influences Calls for strict enforcement of Sharia (Islamic) law Iran under Khomeini Constitution based on the Quran (theocracy) Supported terrorists in Lebanon and elsewhere

The Iranian Revolution Iranian Hostage Crisis 52 American hostages held at U.S. Embassy in Tehran Released hostages 444 days later

The First Gulf War Saddam Hussein U.S. Response Imposed brutal dictatorship in Iraq Engaged in brutal war with Iran for 8 years Invaded oil-rich Kuwait U.S. Response Feared invasion of Saudi Arabia Troops sent to expel Iraqis from Kuwait Allowed Hussain to remain in power

Al-Qaeda and the September 11, 2001 Attacks Osama bin Laden Wealthy Saudi Helped fight against Soviets in Afghanistan Angered by U.S. presence in Saudi Arabia Al-Qaeda Terrorist organization formed by bin Laden Radical Islamic Fundamentalists Fighting Jihad (holy war) against West Trained members in Afghanistan camps

Al-Qaeda and the September 11, 2001 Attacks Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked U.S. commercial airliners Crashed into World Trade Center and Pentagon George W. Bush U.S. President Declared “War on Terrorism”

The War in Afghanistan Taliban U.S. in Afghanistan Radical Islamic Fundamentalists Gained control of Afghanistan after Soviet defeat Imposed strict religious beliefs Allowed terrorist groups (al-Qaeda) to operate training camps U.S. in Afghanistan Afghan government refused to surrender bin Laden U.S. and allies invaded and overthrew Taliban Bin Laden captured/killed in 2011

The Second Gulf War Iraq U.S. in Iraq World leaders suspected Hussain was hiding WMDs (weapons of mass destruction – nuclear, biological, chemical weapons) Refused to allow UN inspectors to monitor country U.S. in Iraq U.S. and allies invaded in 2003 Hussain captured and executed WMDs were never found

The Arab Spring (2011) Arab Spring Dictators Overthrown Series of protests and rebellions that spread throughout the Middle East Started in Tunisia Spread to Bahrain, Yemen, and Sudan Dictators Overthrown Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya

The Arab Spring Syria Bashar al-Assad used brutal force to stay in power Ongoing civil war has causes a refugee crisis

Journal Entry In your opinion, should the U.S. intervene in Middle Eastern conflicts? Why or why not?