Abyssinia • Because of the Great Depression, Italy wanted to

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Presentation transcript:

Abyssinia • Because of the Great Depression, Italy wanted to build an empire to secure raw materials. • Mussolini was a fascist, and wanted to revive the glories of Rome • France and Britain needed Mussolini’s support against Hitler (Stresa Pact 1935)

Abyssinia

Abyssinia • The border between Abyssinia and Italian Somaliland was uncertain and disputed - in Dec 1934 there was a small skirmish at Wal-Wal. • Mussolini demanded an apology and threatened to invade. • There was great anger in Britain; Hoare (the foreign minister) made a strong speech supporting sanctions and collective security.

Abyssinia • Feb 1935: The League set up a commission, which reported in Sept. It suggested giving part of Abyssinia to Italy. • Oct 1935: Mussolini rejected the plan and invaded Abyssinia. He used tanks and flame- throwers and attacked red Cross hospitals. • The League banned weapons sales, and put sanctions on rubber and metal (this hurt Abyssinia more than Italy). • It did NOT close the Suez Canal or ban oil sales, which would have stopped the Italian invasion.

Abyssinia • Dec 1935: Hoare-Laval Pact, a secret plan by Britain and France to give Abyssinia to Italy. • Britain and France asked that sanctions be lifted - only Abyssinia voted against. • March 1936: Hitler marched into the Rhineland; everyone forgot about Abyssinia. • May 1936: Mussolini conquered Abyssinia. • June 1936: Haile Selassie went to the League to ask it to reconsider its 'terrible precedent' of giving way to force. He was ignored.

Abyssinia A SPECTACULAR failure: 1. The Fascists continued to expand: • Mussolini kept Abyssinia • Hitler began to expand in Europe. • Fascists took power in Spain • Britain and France abandoned the League as a way of keeping the peace - started to appease Hitler.

Abyssinia A SPECTACULAR failure: 2. The League was ‘a useless fraud’ (AJP Taylor): • It was slow (the Report took 8 months). • A country could get its own way if it ignored it. • ‘Collective security' was useless against big countries - especially during the Great Depression. • Even the great powers within the League were happy to ignore it (Japan was on the Council). • Even Britain and France would betray the League. • Nine countries left 1936-1939.