Lesson Starter We are about to start a new topic: “In Your Element” Think!: Can you name any elements? What is an element?

I have developed my knowledge of the Periodic table by considering the properties and uses of a variety of elements relative to their positions. SCN3-15a

Definition of an Element An element is made from only one type of atom. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into anything chemically simpler.

The Periodic Table There are over 100 different chemical elements. Scientists have developed a way in which they can be organised based on their properties (the way they look and act). This is called the periodic table.

Facts about Elements Elements have a name and a symbol and an atomic number. For some elements, the symbol is just the first letter of the name; It is written in Capital letters e.g. C (carbon) H (hydrogen) S (sulphur) For some elements, the symbol is the first two letters; the first is a capital and the second is a small letter e.g. Ca (calcium) He (helium) Si (silicon) Latin named elements: Na (sodium, Latin - natrium) Ag (silver, Latin - Argentum)

Symbols: Magnesium - Mg Aluminium - Al Carbon - C Oxygen - O Task: Write down the symbols for lead, iron and silver, argon, gold, boron (1 minute)

Organising the periodic table: http://www.twigonglow.com/films/introduction-to-the-periodic-table-1395/

Organising the periodic table: 11 elements are gases at room temperature - Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. Colour these red. 2 are liquids at room temperature - bromine & mercury. Colour these blue. The rest are solids. Leave these white.

Questions: What is an element? How can you organise elements on the periodic table? Write out the chemical symbol for Carbon, Manganese and Silver. Identify the names of the following elements: Ca, Zn, Mg, S, Cu http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html

Lesson Starter Name two elements which are gases at room temperature. State whether the following is true or false: copper is a liquid at room temperature chlorine is a gas at room temperature iodine conducts electricity lead is a metal and has the symbol Pb

Learning Intention To: Understand that properties of elements determine their use. Find out which elements conduct electricity.

Properties Lead to Uses Element Property Use gold resistant to corrosion jewellery copper electrical conductor, resistant to corrosion electrical wires, water pipes iron strong bridges, fences

Properties - Conductivity Aim: To find out which elements conduct electricity and which elements do not.

Properties - Conductivity Element Symbol Insulator Conductor Iodine I Iron Fe Carbon C Silicon Si Zinc Zn Aluminium Al Sulphur S Copper Cu

Properties - Conductivity Conclusion: All metals conduct electricity All non-metals do not conduct electricity (except for carbon)

Learning Intention To: Understand that properties of elements determine their use. Find out which elements conduct electricity.

Lesson Starter Name one element and state it’s properties and uses. List 3 elements which conduct electricity.

Learning Intention To identify the groups of the periodic table and list them in order of reactivity.

The Periodic Table A row across is called a period. A column down is called a group.

Groups of the Periodic Table Group 1 elements are called the Alkali Metals and are very reactive. Group 7 elements are called the Halogens and are very reactive non-metals. Group 8/0 are called the Noble Gases and are very unreactive. Task: Identify which of the following elements are alkali metals, halogens and noble gases. Argon, Na, Chlorine, Br, Cs, Xenon.

Reactivity of the Alkali Metals Group 1 metals react with water. They are so reactive they even react with air. Lithium, sodium, potassium and all Group 1 metals become very grey quickly after being cut. The shiny metal soon reacts with the air. Group 1 metals must therefore be stored under oil. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY

Element Bingo

Learning Intention To identify the groups of the periodic table and list them in order of reactivity.

Lesson Starter Which of the following elements are alkali metals? (Copper, Carbon, Sodium, Chlorine, Lithium, Calcium, Argon) What happens to the reactivity of elements down group 1? What is the name of group 8/0 in the periodic table?

Learning Intention To: Learn what is meant by ‘state’ Understand why certain elements exist in certain states at room temperature.

States of Elements: Elements can exist as: Solids Liquids Gases

Handouts: Periodic Tables States of Elements: The state of an element depends on the elements melting point and boiling point. Handouts: Periodic Tables

Examples:

Compounds: A compound is when two or more different elements are chemically joined. Burning is a chemical reaction - when an element is burned it joins with oxygen to form a compound. Demonstration

Learning Intention To: Learn what is meant by ‘state’ Understand why certain elements exist in certain states at room temperature.

Lesson Starter What temperature is room temperature? List 3 elements which are gases at room temperature. What is meant by state?

Learning Intention To learn: what a compound is how compounds are formed

Compounds: A compound is when two or more different elements are chemically joined. For example, burning is a chemical reaction - when an element is burned it joins with oxygen to form a compound.

Burning Magnesium: Equipment needed: metal tongs heatproof mat (ceramic mat) bunsen burner magnesium (1 strip) Question: What does magnesium look like at the start and how does it look at the end? How do you know a chemical reaction is taking place?

Burning Magnesium:

Elements and Compounds: Place the following into the correct column: Magnesium, water, oxygen, petrol, sulfur, copper, carbon dioxide, aluminium, sodium chloride. Elements Compounds

Learning Intention To learn: what a compound is how compounds are formed

Lesson Starter What is the difference between an element and a compound? What is the name of the compound produced when magnesium burns in air?

Learning Intention To learn: How to name compounds which contain 2 or more elements.

Naming Compounds Rule 1 – when 2 elements combine, the name usually ends in “…ide”. Examples: magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride Task: copy and complete the following word equations: calcium + oxygen → copper + bromine →

Naming Compounds Rule 2 – when 3 elements (or more) combine, and one is oxygen the name usually ends in “…ite” or “…ate”. Examples: calcium + carbon + oxygen → calcium carbonate lithium + sulfur + oxygen → lithium sulfate Task: copy and complete the following word equations: calcium + nitrogen + oxygen → magnesium + phosphorus + oxygen →

sodium + chlorine sodium chloride Naming Compounds sodium + chlorine sodium chloride

potassium + bromine potassium bromide Naming Compounds potassium + bromine potassium bromide

lithium + sulfur + oxygen Naming Compounds lithium + sulfur + oxygen lithium sulfate

copper + iodine copper iodide Naming Compounds copper + iodine copper iodide

lead + phosphorus + oxygen Naming Compounds lead + phosphorus + oxygen lead phosphate

Complete Table

Learning Intention To learn: How to name compounds which contain 2 or more elements.

Lesson Starter Name the compound produced when the following elements react: magnesium and chlorine sodium, carbon and oxygen What are the elements present in the following compounds? calcium nitrate sodium bromide

Homework (due Monday 14th) Complete in your green jotters: - Homework 1 & 2

Learning Intention To learn: How chemical compounds can be broken down into its original elements.

Last Week:

Electrolysis: When elements join together to form compounds, a lot of energy is released (heat and light). To break the compound back into elements, the same energy must be put in. This is done by passing electricity through a solution of the compound in water.

Electrolysis: Task: Write your results for the experiment, including what you saw at the positive electrode and what you saw at the negative electrode. What is being formed at each?

Results Results:

*insert word equation* Results Conclusion: Compounds can be broken down by passing electricity through a solution of the compound. *insert word equation*

Learning Intention To learn: How chemical compounds can be broken down into its original elements.

Lesson Starter Name one method that can be used to break a compound into its original elements. Explain how this method works.

Learning Intention To state: what a mixture is how a mixture is formed the composition of air

Mixtures: Mixtures are formed when substances come together without reacting. Mixtures can be separated easily, compounds cannot be separated easily. For example, iron can be separated from a mixture of iron and sulfur using a magnet.

Iron and Sulfur Investigation: Q: What happens when you pass a magnet over a mixture of iron and sulfur? Q: Why does iron and sulfur not react when we mix them?

Iron and Sulfur Demonstration: Q: What compound is being formed when iron and sulfur are chemically joined? Q: Do they look/act differently once they are chemically joined?

Air: Air is a mixture of gases: 79% nitrogen 20% oxygen 1% argon 0.03% carbon dioxide

Learning Intention To state: what a mixture is how a mixture is formed the composition of air

Lesson Starter Name the elements present in magnesium carbonate. Name the compound produced when magnesium, phosphorous and oxygen chemically combine.

Homework Collection

Learning Intention To: state the composition of air test the oxygen content of air write a short lab report

Air: Air is a mixture of gases: 79% nitrogen 20% oxygen 1% argon 0.03% carbon dioxide

Oxygen in the air: Think: By what fraction has the water moved up the boiling tube? Why has it moved up?

Oxygen in the air: Results: After a short time, the candle The water

Conclusion: The water rose up the test tube by % .This is because when the candle burned it used up the which made up % of the air. The replaced the space left when the oxygen was used up.

Learning Intention To: state the composition of air test the oxygen content of air write a short lab report

Lesson Starter What is the difference between a compound and a mixture? How could you separate a mixture of iron and sulfur?

Homework Collection

Learning Intention To state: How we could test for the presence of different gases (hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide).

Testing for Gases: Oxygen gas: will relight a glowing splint. Hydrogen gas: will burn with a pop. Carbon Dioxide: will turn limewater milky.

Learning Intention To state: How we could test for the presence of different gases (hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide).

Starter Today we are having a quiz. You have 5 minutes to quietly read over your own notes before we begin.

Quiz! Questions answered at the back of your jotter. Once completed, your jotter will be swapped with another pupils’ for marking.

Question 1 What is the name of the compound formed when magnesium and oxygen are chemically joined.

Question 2 What elements are present in calcium sulfide.

Question 3 What elements are present in calcium carbonate?

Question 4 Sodium, nitrogen and oxygen are chemically joined. What is the name of the compound produced?

Question 5 Sodium and phosphorus are chemically joined. What is the name of the compound produced?

Question 6 What is the symbols for the following elements? magnesium sulfur carbon zinc

Question 7 Name the following elements, from their symbols: Cl Rb Fe Au

Question 8 Which of the following elements are alkali metals? (Copper, Carbon, Sodium, Chlorine, Lithium, Calcium, Argon)

Question 9 What happens to the reactivity of the alkali metals down the group? (Reactivity increases or decreases)

Question 10 What is the name given to group 7 of the periodic table?

Question 11 What is the name given to the method used to split a compound into its elements by passing electricity through it?

Question 12 In science, what is meant by state?

Question 13 Which of the following elements are metals? iodine magnesium mercury argon

Question 14 Which of the following elements are solid at room temperature? aluminium nitrogen iron oxygen

Question 15 Which of the following elements are gases at room temperature? beryllium tin fluorine hydrogen

Question 16 From the list, which are compounds? water carbon dioxide thallium hydrogen fluoride

Question 17 What gas is needed for burning to occur?

Question 18 Which of the following elements conduct electricity? sodium sulfur phosphorous carbon

Question 19 When sulfur and iron are mixed together, a mixture is formed. - Why is a compound not produced?

Question 20 When sulfur and iron are mixed together, a mixture is formed. - How could we separate this mixture?

Question 1 What is the name of the compound formed when magnesium and oxygen are chemically joined.

Question 1 magnesium oxide

Question 2 What elements are present in calcium sulfide.

Question 2 calcium and sulfur

Question 3 What elements are present in calcium carbonate?

Question 3 calcium, carbon and oxygen

Question 4 Sodium, nitrogen and oxygen are chemically joined. What is the name of the compound produced?

Question 4 sodium nitrate

Question 5 Sodium and phosphorus are chemically joined. What is the name of the compound produced?

Question 5 sodium phosphide

Question 6 What is the symbols for the following elements? magnesium sulfur carbon zinc

Question 6 magnesium = Mg sulfur = S carbon = C zinc = Zn

Question 7 Name the following elements, from their symbols: Cl Rb Fe Au

Question 7 Cl = Chlorine Rb = Rubidium Fe = Iron Au = Gold

Question 8 Which of the following elements are alkali metals? (Copper, Carbon, Sodium, Chlorine, Lithium, Calcium, Argon)

Question 8 Sodium Lithium

Question 9 What happens to the reactivity of the alkali metals down the group? (Reactivity increases or decreases)

Question 9 Reactivity increases down the alkali metals.

Question 10 What is the name given to group 7 of the periodic table?

Question 10 Halogens

Question 11 What is the name given to the method used to split a compound into its elements by passing electricity through it?

Question 11 Electrolysis

Question 12 In science, what is meant by state?

Question 12 Whether something exists as a solid, liquid or gas.

Question 13 Which of the following elements are metals? iodine magnesium mercury argon

Question 13 magnesium mercury

Question 14 Which of the following elements are solid at room temperature? aluminium nitrogen iron oxygen

Question 14 aluminium iron

Question 15 Which of the following elements are gases at room temperature? beryllium tin fluorine hydrogen

Question 15 fluorine hydrogen

Question 16 From the list, which are compounds? water carbon dioxide thallium hydrogen fluoride

Question 16 From the list, which are compounds? water carbon dioxide hydrogen fluoride

Question 17 What gas is needed for burning to occur?

Question 17 oxygen

Question 18 Which of the following elements conduct electricity? sodium sulfur phosphorous carbon

Question 18 sodium carbon

Question 19 When sulfur and iron are mixed together, a mixture is formed. - Why is a compound not produced?

Question 19 need to put in more energy for a chemical reaction to occur (not enough energy)

Question 20 When sulfur and iron are mixed together, a mixture is formed. - How could we separate this mixture?

Question 20 Use a magnet

Lesson Starter What is the test for oxygen? What is the test for hydrogen? Name the group the following elements are in: chlorine silver neon

Learning Intention To learn: How to identify elements, compounds and mixtures from atom diagrams.

Task: Write down the differences between elements compounds and mixtures.

Elements: An ELEMENT is made up of only one type of atom e.g. sulfur

Compounds: A COMPOUND is a substance with more than one different element in it, chemically joined. e.g. sulfur dioxide

Mixtures: A MIXTURE is when 2 substances are mixed but do not chemically join. e.g. sulfur and iron Mixtures of Elements Mixture of Compounds

A B Element Compound C D Element Compound

E F G H

I J K L

M N O P

A B Element Compound C D Element Compound

E F Element Compound G H Element Mixture of Elements

I J Element Compound K L Element Mixture of Elements

Mixture of Elements & Compounds

Learning Intention To learn: How to identify elements, compounds and mixtures from atom diagrams.

Lesson Starter Element Compound Mixture of Elements Element

Learning Intention To learn: How to separate mixtures using different techniques.

Separating Mixtures: It is difficult to separate compounds, but mixtures can be separated by physical processes. Physical processes include: Filtering Distilling Evaporating Chromatography

Filtration: Filtration: used to separate a solid (insoluble solid) from a solution (or liquid).

Distillation: Distillation: Used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points.

Distillation: 2 processes are involved: Evaporation (liquid to gas ) Condensation ( gas to liquid )

Evaporating: Evaporation: used to separate a soluble solid from a solution

Chromatography: Chromatography: Used to separate mixtures of inks or paints into its component colours.

Learning Intention To learn: How to separate mixtures using different techniques. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxRGahK7B48

Lesson Starter Name the separation method that could be used for each mixture: sand and water sulfur and iron A soluble salt dissolved in water

(Aim, Hypothesis, Method) Learning Intention To learn: Plan an investigation to separate a soluble salt from a mixture of the salt, water and sand. (Aim, Hypothesis, Method)