Within-Subjects Design

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Presentation transcript:

Within-Subjects Design Experimental Design

Between-Subjects Design (a. k. a., Independent Measures Design) A research strategy in which scores are obtained from separate groups of participants in different conditions EXPERIMENTAL GROUP CONTROL GROUP

Within-Subjects Design (a.k.a., Repeated Measures Design) Compares two or more conditions with scores obtained from the same group of participants CONDITION 1 CONDITION 2

Advantages of Within-Subjects Designs Eliminates Individual Differences*

CONDITION 1 CONDITION 2 John 20 Mary 30 Bill 40 Kate 50 MEAN 35 Sue 24 Tom 35 Dave 43 Ann 54 MEAN 39

CONDITION 1 CONDITION 2 John 20 Mary 30 Bill 40 Kate 50 MEAN 35 John 24 Mary 35 Bill 43 Kate 54 MEAN 39

Advantages of Within-Subjects Designs Eliminates individual differences * Fewer Participants

Disadvantages of Within-Subject Designs Environmental Variables Setting, Time of Day, Weather, etc.

Disadvantages of Within-Subject Designs Environmental Variables Experience Variables CARRYOVER EFFECTS Changes in behavior or performance caused by participating in earlier treatments PRACTICE EFFECTS FATIGUE EFFECTS

NO CARRYOVER EFFECTS CARRYOVER EFFECTS CONDITION 1 CONDITION 2 CONDITION 1 CONDITION 2 20 30 40 50 Mean = 35 19 25 41 55 Mean = 35 20 30 40 50 Mean = 35 25 35 45 55 Mean = 40 Some scores go up & some go down All scores are +5

Counterbalancing The order in which treatment conditions are administered from one participant to another are ordered to match with respect to time CONDITION 1 CONDITION 2 Half of Participants Half of Participants

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