Phylogeny of Angiosperm Families Reference: Chapter 9 in Judd et al. (Note that this “chapter” is almost 300 pages long – over half the book! You only need to study what we cover in class. Know the taxonomic names covered in these lectures, unless they are printed in gray.) If a family name is mentioned in lecture but was never discussed in the field or lab (with specimens) then you need to know it on the final, but you are not responsible for recognition.

Major angiosperm groups It is convenient to divide the angiosperms into seven main groups: Basal families Magnoliid complex Monocots Basal tricolpates Caryophyllids Rosids Asterids STUDY the phylogenetic trees on pp. 221-222. Eudicots

…but remember… Not all these groups are the same size (some are tiny, some are HUGE). Some of these groups, especially the larger ones, can be subdivided further. The APG classification is a work in progress, and the position of many taxa is uncertain.

Basal Families Amborellaceae, Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales Not a monophyletic clade – these three taxa are not closely related to each other. Each of these taxa is a sister group to all the other angiosperms (see cladograms). These are considered the most primitive angiosperm groups.

Amborellales: Amborellaceae Very primitive group, only one species. Shrubs; wood has no vessels. Many distinct carpels; carpels not completely sealed around the ovules. Many stamens, not clearly differentiated into filament and anther. Native to New Caledonia.

Nymphaeales: Nymphaeaceae The water-lily family. 8 genera / 70 species. Aquatic plants, floating leaves, big flowers.

Magnoliid Complex A small clade of primitive families. Species you know are in the Magnoliaceae (Magnolia, Liriodendron) Lauraceae (Persea, Sassafras) Aristolochiaceae (Hexastylis) Others you may have heard of are in the Annonaceae (pawpaw), Myristicaceae (nutmeg), and Piperaceae (black pepper)

Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia virginiana

Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera

Laurales: Lauraceae Persea borbonia Sassafras albidum Persea americana (avocado)

Hexastylis shuttleworthii (H Hexastylis shuttleworthii (H. virginica is similar, but flowers smaller and leaves more mottled.)