Patterns, Practicality & Preservation

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Presentation transcript:

Patterns, Practicality & Preservation BIODIVERSITY Patterns, Practicality & Preservation

LEVELS OF DIVERSITY GENETIC

LEVELS OF DIVERSITY SPECIES

LEVELS OF DIVERSITY ECOSYSTEM

How many species are there on Earth? Formally described (means written up in a scientific publication, identified as new and placed in a taxonomic category): 1,750,000 (roughly) Estimates for the real number?

How estimate??

How estimate?? Explore new areas and collect organisms What fraction of the collected organisms are new? If low, eg, 2 of 100 insect specimens are new to science, then estimate that most of the insects in that area are already known. If high, eg 44 of 100 insect specimens are new to science, then estimate that many new species are waiting to be discovered and estimate of total insect species in the area must be high

Arachnophobia

70 percent of the world's species are in 12 countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Columbia, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Mexico, Peru, and Zaire.

A species is all individuals that can interbreed freely in nature and produce fertile offspring.

Richness vs. evenness Species richness: the overall number of species in a defined area Species evenness: Uniformity of abundance. Also called ``equitability’’ Greatest when all species present are equally abundant

Measuring biodiversity D =Sum (n / N)2 n= number of individuals of a particular species N= number of indivduals of all species Simpsons index of diversity = 1-D (D measures the probability that two individuals selected from a sample belong to the same species)

Where are the species?

Where are the species? Peru: 1,804 spp birds US, Canada, Europe:

Where are the species? One hectare of Amazon rain forest (about the size of a standard football field): More tree species than are found in all of Europe Amazon: > 750 spp in a single hectare North America: about 1,000 species Europe: < 800 spp.

Benefits of biodiversity?

Why are species endangered?

Why are species endangered? habitat loss Rangeland in the Amazon, still smoldering after being cut and burned

Why are species endangered? Invasives