States of Matter Seventh Grade Science

States of matter are the different forms in which matter can exist. Familiar states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A phase describes a physical state of matter that is altered or changed by physical means, freezing or boiling, thereby creating a physical change! (Copy all bullets into notes) States of Matter

Less Familiar State of Matter Plasmas are a lot like gases, but the atoms are different, because they are made up of free electrons and ions of an element. Plasma is different from a gas, because it is made up of groups of positively and negatively charged particles. Natural plasmas aren't found around you that often, man-made plasmas are everywhere. (Copy all bullets into notes) Less Familiar State of Matter

The Northern Lights or ball lightning are types of plasmas  The Northern Lights or ball lightning are types of plasmas. (Copy into notes) Fluorescent light bulbs are plasmas. (Copy into notes) Inside the long tube is a gas. Electricity flows through the tube when the light is turned on. The electricity acts as an energy source and charges up the gas. This charging and exciting of the atoms creates glowing plasma inside the bulb! Finding Plasmas

Another example of plasma is a neon sign. (Copy into notes) Neon signs are glass tubes filled with gas. When the light is turned on, the electricity flows through the tube. The electricity charges the gas and creates plasma inside of the tube. Stars are big balls of gases at high temperatures that heat up and create plasma. (Copy into notes) More Plasmas

Quick Quiz Time! How are plasmas created by man? (Answer in notes) What phases of matter have you been exposed to in your life? (Answer in notes) Quick Quiz Time!

The state of a substance depends on the arrangement and motion of the particles. The space between its particles and the way in which the particles move determine the substance’s state of matter. (Copy all bullets into notes) Particle Arrangement

Characteristics of Solids Solids have fixed volume and fixed shape. The particles are very close together and form a regular pattern. Particles vibrate but are fixed in one place making the solid rigid. (Copy all bullets into notes) Characteristics of Solids

Characteristics of Liquids Liquids have a fixed volume not does not have a fixed shape. Liquids take on the shape of the container they are contained in. Particles are close together but farther apart than in the solid. Particles slide freely past one another. (Copy all bullets into notes) Characteristics of Liquids

Characteristics of Gases Gases have no fixed shape or volume. Gases can take on the shape and volume of the container. Particles are not close to one another and move freely in any direction. (Copy all bullets into notes) Characteristics of Gases

How does the arrangement of the particles differ from a solid to a liquid? (Answer in notes) How are particles arranged in a liquid? (Answer in notes) Why do gases take up so much space? (Answer in notes) Quick Quiz Time!

Behavior of Gases: Pressure The amount of space between gas molecules can change easily. Because gas molecules are always in motion, they hit off one another and also the container the gas is in applying pressure against the container. Increasing pressure decreases volume of the gas. (Copy into notes) Decreasing pressure increases the volume of the gas. (Copy into notes) Behavior of Gases: Pressure

Decreasing the volume of the gas increases the pressure of the gas Decreasing the volume of the gas increases the pressure of the gas. (Copy into notes) Boyle’s Law

You open up a bottle of seltzer, explain what happens to the gas molecules within the bottle of seltzer, using your knowledge of Boyle’s Law. Give an example of Boyle’s Law from your life. Answer all questions in notes! Another Quiz Quickie!

Behavior of Gases: Temperature The speed at which gas particles move is dependent upon the temperature of the gas. Gas molecules move faster at higher temperatures than lower temperatures. Increasing the temperature of the gas increases the volume of the gas. Increasing the temperature of a gas in a fixed volume increasing the pressure of the gas. Copy all bullets into notes! Behavior of Gases: Temperature

As the temperature of the gas increases, the volume increases As the temperature of the gas increases, the volume increases! (Copy into notes) Charles’ Law

Using Charles Law, explain why a can of soda that is left in a hot car explodes when you open it and the can of soda from the refrigerator does not explode when you open it. Answer in notes! Quiz Quickie!