Simple, Compound, & Complex Sentences THE 3 SENTENCES Simple, Compound, & Complex Sentences Created 2015 by Cindy Leibel

REVIEW SIMPLE AND COMPOUND SENTENCES

Ask your partner WHAT IS A SIMPLE SENTENCE? WHAT IS A COMPOUND SENTENCE? WHAT IS A CLAUSE?

SIMPLE SENTENCES A simple sentence involves one S/V pair, or clause. This could be S and S V S V and V S and S V and V Nadia talks. Nadia and Danielle talk. Nadia talks and walks. Nadia and Danielle talk and walk.

COMPOUND SENTENCES A compound sentence involves 2 or more S/V pairs. John ran, but Joe stayed. You can stay, or you can help me. I hate it, but he’s right.

COMPOUND SENTENCES We use FANBOYS with compound sentences! For And Nor But Or Yet So

COMPOUND SENTENCES You can connect compound sentences in many ways. I talked to my friend, and he was very excited about your idea, but he’s very worried about your reputation.

COMPOUND SENTENCES If you combine that with longer simple sentences, sentences can become very long! John and I talked to my boss and my friend, and they were very excited and pleased about your idea, but Jamie and Joseph don’t want to talk or think about the money.

COMPOUND SENTENCES NEVER start a sentence with FANBOYS in formal writing! It’s common in speech and informal writing, but is lazy for academic writing. I saw my mother. And then I left home. AAAAAAAAAAARRRRGHHH!!!

COMPLEX SENTENCES- COMMAS Complex sentences follow different rules than compound sentences. We sometimes use a comma, and sometimes we don’t. If I go there, she’ll be angry. She’ll be angry if I go there. When you come, he’ll leave. He’ll leave when you come.

COMPLEX SENTENCES- COMMAS We use subordinating conjunctions with complex sentences. If I go there, she’ll be angry. She’ll be angry if I go there. When you come, he’ll leave. He’ll leave when you come.

COMPLEX SENTENCES- COMMAS We use subordinating conjunctions with complex sentences. We call them SC for short!

COMPLEX SENTENCES- COMMAS after although, though because as long as before if once since unless until There are MANY SC’s in English! Here are some common SC’s, but there are many more!

COMPLEX SENTENCES When you study, you will do well. You will do well when you study. Dependent clause (DC) Independent Clause (IC)

COMPLEX SENTENCES- COMMAS As a student, if you are INDEPENDENT, you can do many adult things by yourself. You can do laundry, buy groceries, and pay rent. If you are DEPENDENT, adults or friends do these things for you because you don’t know how or are you afraid! INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT

COMPLEX SENTENCES -TENSES IC Dependent clause = DC Independent clause = IC DC

COMPLEX SENTENCES -TENSES DEPENDENT clauses often have an SC. They don’t want to be alone. This clause is DEPENDENT on another, stronger, clause, the INDEPENDENT clause. When she leaves, I cry. She leaves when I cry.

COMPLEX SENTENCES -TENSES A DEPENDENT clause gets sad when it is alone. It doesn’t know how to do anything that adult sentences do, so it always needs an adult sentence. When she leaves. =  If you go. =  When she leaves, I’ll buy you cake. =  If you go, I’ll come to the store with you. =

COMPLEX SENTENCES -TENSES An INDEPENDENT clause is very strong. It does not need help going shopping, and it can stand in a sentence by itself. I’ll buy you cake. =  I’ll come to the store with you. =

COMPLEX SENTENCES - TENSES DC IC PRESENT FUTURE or MODALS After she buys a car, When my friend leaves, I’m going to be excited! we’ll buy her a cake. PAST When I saw him, After they took my money, he started running! I called the police PRESENT (HABIT) When I come to class, If I stay up late, I take out my binder. I’m tired the next day. *these are only the most common tenses! There are other uncommon ones, but these will be used in 95% of complex sentences!

COMPLEX SENTENCES - TENSES Normally, we will use the future or modals in the independent clause and present in the dependent clause. You can use present in the dependent clause to show habit. If he practices, he will do well. If he practices, he may do well. If you hit me, I’m going to punch you! If I cry, he dries my tears.

COMPLEX SENTENCES -TENSES With the past (except for while), we usually use simple past for both clauses, sometimes with a modal in the IC. We use past perfect to discuss a previous action in time. This is called the third conditional. If he practiced, he would have done well. If I cried, he dried my tears. If he had practiced, he may have done well. If you had hit me, I would have punched you!

the 3 sentence types SIMPLE SENTENCES I run and jump with my friend. One clause, sometimes with a CC. COMPOUND SENTENCES I run, and my friend jumps. Two independent clauses with a CC. COMPLEX SENTENCES If I run, my friend will jump. One independent clause. On dependent clause with an SC.

Questions answered in this presentation Review: What is a clause? What is a compound sentence? What are FANBOYS? What shouldn’t we do with FANBOYS? What are the 3 sentence types? What type of conjunction do we use with complex sentences? What is the difference between a dependent and independent clause? What tenses do we use with complex sentences?