When you hear the word INDIA, what comes to mind? Have you ever wondered why it looks so weird?

INDIA Talk here about it’s appearance – why it’s all weird.

Internal Empires Mauryan Empire (324-200 BCE) -Hinduism and Sanskrit extend across South Asia -Ashoka and Buddhism Dark times (200 BCE – 300 CE) -Lots of invasions by tribal groups Gupta Empire (320-500 CE): Golden Age of India -Rise of chess (caturanga), architecture, sculpture -First time that scholars postulated that the Earth revolves around the sun -Advances in algebra & science

KEY WORD HERE: Cultural Diffusion -Language & Religion

External Empires… On Empires… Muslim Empires (900’s- 1600’s CE) -Tolerant of existing religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) -Sikhism began in 1600’s- youngest major world religion Trading Empires (1498- 1800 CE) -Portuguese arrived first, followed by Dutch, English, and French

Company Rule in India 1617, British East India Trading Company Gained control of all European trade in India by 1769 Why would they want India as a trade route? Indian ocean, monsoons, good ports How could a tiny island nation control all of a subcontinent? What would you do to ensure control? Gained control through alliances with local princes Would there be issues with this? Mutiny in 1858 Against the British East India company Dissolution allowed for the Crown to take full imperial power Gained control through combat and alliances with local princes Can compare the British Raj to Alexander the Great and his satraps IMPORTANT TO NOTE that a COMPANY, not a country, controlled India until the mutiny. HOW WOULD THIS MAKE YOU FEEL? What does this sound like?

The British Raj, 1858-1947 Based on your previous knowledge about imperialism in Africa, discuss with a partner a list of positive and negative effects of British rule in India

Pros and Cons of the British Raj Built infrastructure Raised a military Governance by local princes Established formal administration Cons Indians treated poorly Exploited the land for resources Majority of Indians had little political power Solidified caste system Predict what is going to happen as a result. Think back on what happened in the Americans and in Africa during colonization/imperialism.

What cricket teams are consistently ranked top in the world? Cricket team circa 1932

1 million Indians served in the British colonial army in WWI

Bengal Famine of 1943

A REVOLUTION HAPPENS! But first… copy these geoterms. Resistance: the refusal to accept or comply with something Nonviolence: the use of peaceful means to bring about political or social change. Civil disobedience: the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. Nationalism: support of political independence for a particular country. Partition:  the action of being divided into parts (ex: India & Pakistan)

A (Mostly) Non-Violent Revolution Indians wanted freedom Some recognized the terrible injustice of the caste system Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi Leader of the Indian National Congress by 1920 Mahatma means “great soul” What do you remember about Gandhi from the movie? Gandhi was against the caste system! Yay. Readdress the caste system here.

Non-Violent Resistance Non-cooperation, non-violence, and peaceful resistance Boycott of foreign goods Specifically cloth – he made his own Salt March March 12 to April 6, 241 mi Protested the national salt tax Why else is salt important? What could a deeper meaning of protesting salt be? Why is salt important? TO SYMBOLIZE ALL THE SALT THEY LOSE IN SWEATING

Non-Violent Resistance Gandhi gained a huge following after the Salt March Protested for women’s rights and against oppression of the untouchables, and advocated for peace between Hindus and Muslims Why was this radical at the time? With a partner, predict: What happened to Gandhi? What happened to India?

End of British Rule British rule ended in 1947 Left India poorer than when the British had first arrived. Why? Brought with it the creation of two new countries Why? What would be possible reasons for this?

Indian Independence Act of 1947 Created the separate states of India and Pakistan Muslims moved to Pakistan (10 million) Hindus stayed in India

Partition West Pakistan vs. East Pakistan Partition: division What other partitions have we learned about? Led to much violence Over one million people died  West Pakistan vs. East Pakistan What do you think happened? Why did East Pakistan want its own nation? Think about their locations… Ethnic differences caused a civil war Bangladesh became its own nation in 1971 Do you think there is still conflict and violence between Pakistan and India today?

Yes, yes there is. Lots of Conflict. KASHMIR

Kashmir; Punjab Region Both countries claimed Kashmir at their independence in 1947 Constant fighting over the land Wars and conflicts between Pakistan and India Why can’t they just become their own nation? Half Hindu, half Muslim http://www.wimp.com/indiapakistan/ What do you think will happen? Sikh leader was assassinated

Reading “1947: The Birth of India & Pakistan” Questions to think about: -Who was Gandhi & what do we know about him? -How did British rule begin in India? -How did Indians resist against British rule? What events sparked anger in the population? -What happened when the British partitioned India? -What were the short term effects of partition? What about the long term?

If we have time… Anthony Bourdain! “Punjab”

Non-violent resistance DBQ! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eP-mv5IjFzY

Debate! Interviewer: “Are you in agreement with Dr King’s nonviolent- ” Malcolm X: “I don’t believe in any kind of nonviolence. I believe that it is right to be nonviolent with people who are nonviolent. But when you’re dealing with an enemy that doesn’t know what nonviolence is, as far as I’m concerned, you’re wasting your time.”

Closure Ted Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJSehRlU34w

Who has more courage?