Cell Review EOC

Improved Technology led to… Cell Theory 3 main principles All organisms are made of one or more cells All existing cells are produced by other living cells (mitosis) The cell is the most basic unit of life

There are two main types of cells Prokaryotic (Pro means before; karyon means nucleus) Prokaryotic Characteristics: No nucleus No organelles Unicellular Example: Bacteria

The other type…Eukaryotic Cells Eu means true; karyon means nucleus Has a nucleus Has organelles Usually multicellular Examples: Plants, Animals, Fungi

2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells: Plant and Animal

BOTH PLANT Organelle Function Plant/ Animal/ Both Mitochondria Releases energy stored in food (cell respiration) BOTH Chloroplast Uses light to produce sugar (Photosynthesis) PLANT

BOTH Organelle Function Plant/ Animal/ Both Cell Membrane Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell BOTH ***Lysosome*** Breaks down and recycles materials for the cell

Plant and Bacteria BOTH Organelle Function Plant/ Animal/ Both Cell Wall Provides structure and shape Plant and Bacteria Nucleus Controls the activity of the cell- stores and protects DNA BOTH

BOTH but plant has a HUGE vacuole! Organelle Function Plant/ Animal/ Both Vacuoles Stores materials like waste, water, food, enzymes, ions BOTH but plant has a HUGE vacuole! Ribosome Makes proteins BOTH

BOTH Organelle Function Plant/ Animal/ Both ***Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum*** Synthesizes and packages lipids Helps build steroids BOTH ***Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum*** Synthesizes and packages proteins, covered in ribosomes

BOTH Organelle Function Plant/ Animal/ Both Cytoplasm Fluid portion that all other organelles are held in BOTH ***Golgi Apparatus*** Modify, sort, package and deliver proteins/lipids to the cell

CYTOSKELETON Organelle Function Plant/ Animal/ Both Microtubules +++ Thick, spiral shaped- help provide structure/movement Microfilaments +++ Thin- help provide structure/movement

Diffusion Diffusion is ANY molecule moving from a HIGH concentration to a LOW concentration until both sides are equal. What does a high concentration mean? What does a low concentration mean?

Facilitated Diffusion

Osmosis (no, not Jones) Equilibrium means when things are equal. Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a high concentration to a low concentration until equilibrium (homeostasis) is reached. What is equilibrium? Equilibrium means when things are equal.

Dynamic Equilibrium Even when they do become equal, particles are always moving. Therefore, we call it a DYNAMIC equilibrium.

What does semi permeable mean? It means that the membrane only lets certain things in and out Also called selectively permeable.

Next… = Salt Will the water move into the cell or out? What is it called when cells try to maintain the same environment inside and out?

You need to understand this….