American Nationalism & Expansion

Presidents George Washington John Adams, Federalist Thomas Jefferson, Democratic Republican James Madison, Democratic Republican James Monroe, Democratic Republican John Quincy Adams, Democratic Republican Andrew Jackson, Democrat Martin Van Buren, Democrat William Henry Harrison (31 days), Whig William Tyler, Whig James K. Polk, Democrat

Era of Good Feelings Under 5th President James Monroe Harmony in national politics One political party James Monroe

Missouri Compromise 1819: Missouri applied for statehood “…this momentous question, like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. “ Missouri Compromise 1819: Missouri applied for statehood USA: 11 free states + 11 slave states “I take it for granted that the present question is a mere preamble—a title page to a great tragic volume.”

Missouri Compromise Henry Clay wrote the compromise Maine admitted free, Missouri admitted slave Line at 36’30’’ Above = free Below = slave

The Monroe Doctrine Quadruple Alliance: Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia Possibility to help Spain regain colonies in Americas Britain proposed united opposition (with USA)

The Monroe Doctrine 1823: the American continents were “henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” Russia also a worry: had claimed Alaska to Oregon Secretary of State John Q. Adams: act alone Bold act

Industrial Revolution Limited liability general incorporation laws Began with Lowell textiles in Boston Eli Whitney: interchangeable parts and cotton gin Samuel Morse: telegraph and morse code

Industrial Revolution Cities doubled or tripled in size Labor Unions formed to improve working conditions Strikes

Manifest Destiny Transportation Revolution Texas Revolution War with Mexico

Manifest Destiny Attitude United States destined to stretch from coast to coast

Transportation Revolution Erie Canal National Road Steamboat: Could go upstream “Iron Horse” helped settle the West

Texas Revolution Spanish speaking Tejanos ruled by Mexico Cheap land brought empresarios like Stephen Austin Sam Houston led Texans against Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Texas Revolution Alamo: 13 day siege Small force delayed Santa Anna 200 Texans vs. 1800 Mexicans 400-600 Mexican casualties September 1836: independent Republic of Texas Wanted to be annexed, but were not until 1845 under James K. Polk

James K. Polk’s Contributions Fifty-four Forty or Fight, but Polk split Oregon with Britain Annexation of Texas Border dispute: Nueces or Rio Grande? Zachary Taylor led troops across Nueces Mexico attacked USA declared war James K. Polk

James K. Polk’s Contributions War with Mexico California declared independent: temporarily called Bear Flag Republic Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico ceded CA, UT, NV, NM, AZ, parts of CO, WY Accepted Rio Grande as TX border USA paid $15 to assume Mexican debts