Influence of high-heeled shoes on venous function in young women

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Influence of high-heeled shoes on venous function in young women Wagner Tedeschi Filho, MD, Nei R.A. Dezzotti, PhD, Edvaldo E. Joviliano, MD, PhD, Takachi Moriya, MD, PhD, Carlos Eli Piccinato, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 56, Issue 4, Pages 1039-1044 (October 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.039 Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 A, A volunteer resting in the air plethysmography examination room. B, The air plethysmography cuff has been applied to the volunteer's left leg during calibration. C, Registering venous filling with the volunteer standing barefooted. D, Tiptoe movements contracting the calf. E, Volunteer using device support for better calf relaxing after acquiring ejection volume wearing a 7-cm high-heeled shoe. Volunteer lifting and contracting calf with the three different heels studied: (F) 3.5 high-heeled shoes, (G) 7-cm high-heeled stiletto shoes, and (H) 7-cm high-heeled platform shoes. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 56, 1039-1044DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.039) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Three kinds of heels were studied: (A) 7-cm high-heeled stiletto shoe, (B) 7-cm high-heeled platform shoe, and (C) 3.5-cm high-heeled shoe. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 56, 1039-1044DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.039) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 The venous filling index (VFI) is shown according to the kind of heel. There was no statistical difference among the VFI values with the heel variations (P > .05). The horizontal line in the middle of each box indicates the median; the top and bottom borders of the box mark the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively, and the whiskers mark the 90th and 10th percentiles. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 56, 1039-1044DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.039) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 The ejection fraction (EF) is shown according to the kind of heel. Greater values in the EF parameter were found with barefooted group compared with 7-cm stiletto and 7-cm platform high-heeled shoes. The letters a and b indicate statistically significant differences (P < .05). The horizontal line in the middle of each box indicates the median; the top and bottom borders of the box mark the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively, and the whiskers mark the 90th and 10th percentiles. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 56, 1039-1044DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.039) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 The residual volume fraction (RVF) is shown according to the kind of heel: Greater values in the RVF parameter were found with the 7-cm stiletto and platform shoes. The letters a and b indicate statistically significant differences (P < .05). The horizontal line in the middle of each box indicates the median; the top and bottom borders of the box mark the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively, and the whiskers mark the 90th and 10th percentiles. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 56, 1039-1044DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.039) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Means of the parameters venous filling index (VFI), ejection fraction (EF), and residual volume fraction (RVF) are displayed according to the four situations tested: barefooted, wearing a 3.5-cm high-heeled shoe, a 7-cm high-heeled stiletto shoe, and a 7-cm high-heeled platform shoe. The bars represent mean data. +, ++, *, and **indicate a statistically significant difference (P < .05). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 56, 1039-1044DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.039) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions