Section 2: Classifying the Elements

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Presentation transcript:

Section 2: Classifying the Elements

Groups 1-2 & 3A-8A (s and p orbitals) Main-Group Elements: Groups 1-2 & 3A-8A (s and p orbitals) -wide range of properties (metals/nonmetals 2

Groups 1-2 & 3A-8A (s and p orbitals) Main-Group Elements: Groups 1-2 & 3A-8A (s and p orbitals) -wide range of properties (metals/nonmetals Transition Metals: Groups 3-12 (d orbitals) 3

Groups 1-2 & 3A-8A (s and p orbitals) Main-Group Elements: Groups 1-2 & 3A-8A (s and p orbitals) -wide range of properties (metals/nonmetals Transition Metals: Groups 3-12 (d orbitals) Inner Transition Metals: (f orbitals) s d p 4

e–’s in the highest occupied energy level What’s the number one, most significant factor that groups the elements together? Valence Electrons: e–’s in the highest occupied energy level 2s2 2p5 2s2 2p6 2s1 2s2 3-lithium (Li) 4-beryllium (Be) 9-fluorine (F) 10-neon (Ne) 3s2 3p5 3s2 3p6 3s1 3s2 11-sodium (Na) 12-magnesium (Mg) 17-chlorine (Cl) 18-argon (Ar)

Alkali Metals Group # : 1 Valence electrons: 1 soft, metallic solids video clip 1 soft, metallic solids most reactive metals more reactive down a group b/c… …lose 1 e– easiest video clip 2 Video 1 alkali metals from “The Periodic Table: Elements Organized” (3 min) (YouTube) Video 2 is alkali metals “Brainiac” (fake but fun) (3 min) (YouTube) Lithium (Li) 1s2 2s1 Sodium (Na) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 Potassium (K) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Alkaline Earth Metals Group # : 2 Valence electrons: 2 reactive metals more reactive down a group b/c… …lose 2 e–’s fairly easily Beryllium (Be) 1s2 2s2 Magnesium (Mg) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 Calcium (Ca) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

Halogens Group # : 7A (17) Valence electrons: 7 most reactive nonmetals more reactive at top of group b/c… …gain 1 e– easiest Fluorine (F) 1s2 2s2 2p5 Chlorine (Cl) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 Bromine (Br) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4p5

Noble Gases Group # : 8A (18) Valence electrons: 8 unreactive gases b/c… …filled valence shell with 8 e–’s (none lost or gained) Helium (He) 1s2 Neon (Ne) 1s2 2s2 2p6 Argon(Ar) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

WHY? S O2 same group , similar chemical properties same group , same # of valence e–’s WHY? S O2

Quick Quiz! 1. Elements in a group in the periodic table… have the same mass have similar properties have the same atomic number have the same number of valence electrons

Quick Quiz. 2. Alkali metals have how many valence electrons in the highest occupied energy level? 8 1 2 3

Quick Quiz. 3. Noble gases… are the most reactive nonmetals are the most reactive metals are typically unreactive have 8 valence electrons

Quick Quiz. 4. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? Ne, noble gas Cu, transition metal Sn, nonmetal Cl, halogen

Quick Quiz. 5. Transition metals are characterized by having electrons in which orbitals? s p d f