Bell Ringer 10-01-09 What elements are to the left of the zigzag line on the periodic table? a. Nonmetals b. Metals Which metals are most reactive? List two properties of metals (you learned yesterday) Which is the only metal that is not solid? True/False: Elements 1-92 are synthetic elements.

Chapter 4 Section 4 Nonmetals and Metalloids

Nonmetals A nonmetal is an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal.

Physical Properties Include all states of matter Gases (Nitrogen, Oxygen) Liquids (Bromine) Solids (Carbon, Sulfur) Most are poor conductors of heat and electricity Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle Lower densities than metals

States of Matter

Chemical Properties Most are reactive Fluorine is the most reactive element known However, Group 18 elements hardly ever react and form compounds

Group 13- Boron Family

Families of Nonmetals Carbon Family (Group 14) In Group 14, only Carbon is the nonmetal Carbon- in all living things Coal is made of mostly carbon Gasoline is made from crude oil that contains carbon

Nitrogen Family (Group 15) Nonmetals- Nitrogen and Phosphorus The atmosphere is made up of 80% Nitrogen gas. Nitrogen is the key ingredient in fertilizers. A phosphorus compound is in match heads that makes them ignite easily.

Oxygen Family (Group 16) Nonmetals- Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium You could not live without a steady supply of oxygen. Oxygen is highly reactive. Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and the second most abundant element in the atmosphere. Sulfur is used to make rubber bands and car tires.

The Halogen Family (Group 17) Halogens (salt-forming) -Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine All but Astatine are nonmetals. The most Reactive nonmetals! The uncombined elements are dangerous to humans.

Noble Gases All exist in Earth’s atmosphere (in small amounts) Very stable (not reactive!) Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon

Hydrogen Only has 1 proton and 1 electron It is so different from the other elements that it cannot be grouped into a family.

Metalloids Metalloids- have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals All are solids at room temperature. They are brittle, hard, and somewhat reactive. The most common is Silicon. (Si) The most useful property of metalloids is their ability to conduct electricity. Semiconductors

The Periodic Table of the Elements, Standard Form