Hypoglycaemic potential of Tapinanthus bangwensis PRESENTATION BY ONILUDE, HAMMED AYANTOLA DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY, OJO LAGOS STATE

OUTLINE Introduction Aim Study design Materials and methods Statistical analysis of result Conclusion

INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants and their importance Diabetes, associated disorders and post-prandial blood glucose Alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase Hypoglycemic drugs Tapinanthus banwensis and uses

INTRODUCTION Mistletoe (Tapinanthus banwensis) is a semi-parasitic plant that grows on deciduous trees. Family: Loranthaceae Treatment: Liver disorders, cancer, hypertension etc.

AIM OF STUDY To investigate the inhibitory potential of T. bangwensis on the activities of diabetes-related enzymes and postprandial hyperglycemia in starch loaded rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample collection and plant extract preparation Phytochemical evaluation: Evans (2005). Experimental animals: Adult Wistar rats Starch tolerance test Chemicals and Reagent: Analytical grade Alpha amylase & glucosidase inhibitory assays: McCue and Shetty (2004) and Kim et al. (2005); Inhibitory analysis Excel software, 2010 Mode of inhibitions: Ali et al. (2006). Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis: GraphPad Prism 5 statistical package (GraphPad Software, USA). Results expressed as Mean±SEM for triplicate determinations.

RESULTS Table 1. Phytochemical composition of acetone, ethylacetate and hexane extract of T. bangwensis Key: + = Detected , - = Not detected

RESULTS Figure 1. The percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by different extracts of T. bangwensis. Values are expressed as Mean±SEM of triplicate determinations. Means not sharing a common letter at the same concentration are significantly different (p<0.05) to each other.

RESULTS Figure 2. The percentage inhibition of α-amylase activity using the three extracts of T. bangwensis. Values are expressed as Mean±SEM of triplicate determinations. Means not sharing a common letter at the same concentration are significantly different (p<0.05) to each other.

RESULTS Table 2. The comparative effect of the extracts compared to RESULTS Table 2. The comparative effect of the extracts compared to Acarbose at IC50 (mg/ml) Extracts IC50 (mg/ml)  IC50 (mg/ml)   α-Amylase α-Glucosidase Acetone 2.60 ± 0.20 4.00 ± 0.26 Ethylacetate 2.40 ± 0.13 3.57 ± 0.18 Hexane 4.37 ± 0.51 2.04 ± 0.10 Acarbose 2.60 ± 0.12 0.63 ± 0.02

RESULTS Figure 3. line-weaver burk plot of inhibition of alpha-glucosidase by hexane extract of T. bangwensis

RESULTS Figure 4. line-weaver burk plot of inhibition of alpha amylase by hexane extract of T. bangwensis

RESULTS Figure 5.Effect of oral administration of hexane extract of T. bangwensis leaf on blood glucose level of starch-loaded rats. *Values are significantly different from the control (p<0.05) .

RESULTS Table 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters of both the control and the extract treated rats after administration of starch PK Parameters Groups   Control Extract Cmax (mg/dL) 226.0 141.3 Tmax (min) 60 30 AUC (mg/dL.min) 16910 14025

DISCUSSION The use of plant-derived natural hypoglycemic agents can not be over-emphasized. From the result, It can be suggested that hexane extract of T. bangwensis serves as a more potent post prandial hypoglycemic agent when compared to other two extracts. Effect on alpha-amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes are non-competitive and competitive respectively The hexane extract of the T. bangwensis showed most potent inhibitory IC50 levels. Alternative to synthetic drugs

CONCLUSION Among the three extracts of T. bangwensis tested, hexane extract exhibited the most potent anti-diabetic potential. This could make it a veritable source of anti-diabetic agent.

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