Cells! Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009

Photo Synthesis Glycolysis Krebs ETC, etc. 10 20 30 40 50

Question 1 - 10 A pigment in a light-absorbing compound. What color does any given pigment appear?

Answer 1 – 10 It appears whatever wavelength (or combination of wavelengths) that it reflects. Plants appear green because they reflect the wavelength of light that is interpreted as green in our brain. If I turn off the lights, and make sure no light is coming into the area, everything appears black because no light is arriving to your eyes!

Question 1 - 20 At which location does the light reaction occur and what is the structure’s name? A. C. B.

The light reaction occurs at location ‘A’ on and within the thylakoid. Answer 1 – 20 The light reaction occurs at location ‘A’ on and within the thylakoid.

What colors of light typically power the process of photosynthesis? Question 1 - 30 What colors of light typically power the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 1 – 30 Red and blue. Most photosynthetic organisms appear green which means they are absorbing the energy from red and blue wavelengths of light and reflecting the green wavelength of light. What would happen if you gave a green plant green light only?

Question 1 - 40 If we take a plant submerged in water and apply white light to it, what might be evidence that the light reaction is occurring?

Answer 1 – 40 Oxygen bubbles! The major product of the light reaction is oxygen (O2). In reality the oxygen escapes in just a small amount at a time (though at a high rate) that it rarely forms actual bubbles, but it would certainly be evidence of the light reaction occurring!

Question 1 - 50 What are the two products of the light reaction that are used in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 1 – 50 NADPH and ATP NADPH (made from NADP+, 2 e-, and H+ put together via NADP+ Reductase) ATP [ADP + Pi put together via ATP synthase which is powered by the movement of protons (H+) from high concentration (in the thylakoid space) to low concentration (in the stroma)]

What is the major product of the Calvin cycle? Question 2 - 10 What is the major product of the Calvin cycle?

A carbohydrate/sugar (glucose) Answer 2 – 10 A carbohydrate/sugar (glucose)

Question 2 - 20 At which location does the Calvin cycle occur and what is the area’s name? A. C. B.

Answer 2 – 20 The Calvin cycle occurs at location ‘B,’ the stroma.

What organelle is responsible for the two parts of photosynthesis? Question 2 - 30 What organelle is responsible for the two parts of photosynthesis?

Answer 2 – 30 The chloroplast.

Question 2 - 40 The major reactant for the Calvin cycle is carbon dioxide. From where do photosynthetic autotrophs typically receive this substance?

Answer 2 – 40 The atmosphere.

Write out the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis. Question 2 - 50 Write out the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.

Answer 2 – 50

What does the word glycolysis mean? Question 3 - 10 What does the word glycolysis mean?

Answer 3 – 10 The splitting (lysis) of a sugar (glyco).

Question 3 - 20 An organism has no useable oxygen after glycolysis and now must proceed to what process that creates a toxic byproduct?

Answer 3 – 20 Fermentation

Question 3 - 30 Casi and Jill are working hard at soccer conditioning. Casi produces 3.07 grams of CO2 over the course of 2 hours and Jill produces 3.86 grams of CO2. Which of the two girls made more ATP?

Answer 3 – 30 Jill did! The more carbon dioxide that is produced, the more water and ATP that is also produced!

Question 3 - 40 Where in the cell does glycolysis occur and how much ATP is produced in this step of cellular respiration?

Answer 3 – 40 Cytoplasm; 2 (net) ATP Technically glycolysis makes 4 ATP but two of those four were ATP molecules that we invested to get the process started…so we end up with two more than we started with.

Question 3 - 50 You have found a heterotrophic unicellular eukaryote that is living in an anaerobic environment. Describe what you know about this organism!

Answer 3 – 50 Heterotrophic- feeds on other things Unicellular- composed of one cell Eukaryotic- has a true nucleus (not a bacterium) Anaerobic environment- lives in an environment that has no oxygen

Question 4 - 10 What reactant is required for cellular respiration to proceed to the Krebs cycle?

Answer 4 – 10 Oxygen! If not present, fermentation will occur instead.

Question 4 - 20 What major product is made during the Krebs cycle that leaves the cell?

Answer 4 – 20 Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide passively diffuses out of the mitochondria and cell to the cardiovascular system (in animals) where it is transported to the lungs to be released into the atmosphere. YOU ARE DOING THIS RIGHT NOW. SCIENCE.

Question 4 - 30 Where does the Krebs cycle take place (be specific) and how much ATP is produced per glucose in the process?

Answer 4 – 30 The inner-membrane space (matrix) is where the Krebs cycle occurs. It produces 1 ATP per pyruvate, so 2 ATP per glucose.

Question 4 - 40 What products of the Krebs cycle are used in the next step of cellular respiration (electron transport chain)?

Answer 4 – 40 FADH2, NADH These carry the electrons necessary to power the production of ATP in the electron transport chain.

Question 4 - 50 Write the balanced equation for cellular respiration.

Answer 4 – 50 The energy is technically also given off as heat.

Question 5 - 10 What is the standard and maximum amount of ATP made during aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 5 – 10 36-38 ATP 2 from Glycolysis 2 from Krebs 32-34 from Electron transport chain

Question 5 - 20 In what phase of photosynthesis is an electron transport chain utilized?

Answer 5 – 20 The light-dependent reaction. It works very similarly to the ETC found in cellular respiration.

Question 5 - 30 Where does the ETC occur in the cell (be specific) and how many ATP are made?

Answer 5 – 30 The ETC occurs ON the inner membrane. IT produces 32-34 ATP. For a ETC to make ATP it has to have a concentration gradient across a membrane!

Question 5 - 40 Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions from high concentration to low concentration. In the mitochondria, what ion is moving AND what enzyme is it powering?

Answer 5 – 40 H+ (protons) are moving from the inter-membrane space back into the matrix (inner-membrane space) which power ATP synthase.

Question 5 - 50 Generally describe what occurs during the electron transport chain’s operation.

Answer 5 – 50 Electrons are transported from protein to protein. This movement of electrons powers certain proteins to actively transport hydrogen (H+) a certain direction, creating a concentration gradient. (we call these proteins proton pumps) Protons passively diffuse back to where they were pumped from through a protein called ATP Synthase. ATP synthase is powered by the kinetic energy of the protons and uses such energy to bind ADP and Pi together to form ATP.

Final Jeopardy Make your wager! Calculate the rate of the following graph!