Drugs and Medicine

Healing is a complex interaction between mind and body that is not entirely understood. Placebo Effect Merely taking any medicine may trigger responses in the body that result in changes in the mental/emotional or physiological states of the person without having any medicinal action.

Read page 336 Animal testing to determine LD50

Video Short                                      Clinical Trials   from mouse to man   early results   the future running time 05:14

Thalidomide ­­was taken off the market and drug testing and approval practices across the world were tightened. Surviving victims of Thalidomide, whose families received compensation from the drug's manufacturer, Grunenthal, are currently seeking additional compensation from both Grunenthal and the German government [source: Reuters]. Thalidomide has recently returned, with strict controls, for treatment of a certain type of leprosy lesion as well as multiple myeloma, a type of cancer [source: Speige]. Accutane is a drug used to treat severe acne that can also cause phocomelia. Because of this, women who are prescribed the drug must commit to following a strict regimen so that they don't become pregnant while taking it. This includes certifying that they will use two methods of birth control (and have an emergency backup) and also have their blood drawn monthly to test for pregnancy before receiving a prescription refill. They also agree not to donate blood so they don't pass the drug on to other women.

Thalidomide Thalidomide is both a tranquilizer and a teratogen It is sometimes used to treat some symptoms of Hansen’s disease. (Leprosy) 6

Video Short New Use for an Old Drug   thalidomide   the chick embryo experiment   in remission on thalidomide running time 06:04

Tolerance is when the drug becomes less effective and the Dosage may need to be increased to maintain its effectiveness.

Why not use KOH?

Tylenol Paracetamol Ester Carboxylic acid Aspirin hydroxyl amide

Movie about Reyes syndrome http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COunaUYTnPQ&feature=relmfu Reye's Syndrome, a deadly disease, strikes swiftly and can attack any child, teen, or adult without warning. All body organs are affected, with the liver and brain suffering most seriously. While the cause and cure remain unknown, research has established a link between Reye's Syndrome and the use of aspirin and other salicylate containing medications, over the counter products, and topical use products. In 1974, the National Reye's Syndrome Foundation was incorporated, becoming the first citizen group to generate a concerted, organized lay movement to eradicate Reye's Syndrome. http://www.reyessyndrome.org/what.html

Sample Questions Paracetamol— Benzene ring, hydroxyl and amide List one therapeutic affect of aspirin that is not found in Paracetamol (Acetaminophin) Aspirin thins the blood and thus helps reduce swelling. Tylenol does not affect swelling. List all of the functional groups found in Paracetamol. List them for Aspirin. Paracetamol— Benzene ring, hydroxyl and amide Aspirin-- Benzene ring, ester, carboxylic acid

Side Effects of Strong Analgesics Heroin is a “stronger” analgesic than Morphine because it can cross the blood brain barrier

WHO pyramid of pain treatment

List two common functional groups found in morphine and heroin. Both have a benzene ring, tertiary amine, ether and cyclical alkene.