a. First colonial parliament in the British American colonies. House of Burgesses, 1619 a. First colonial parliament in the British American colonies. b. Representative self-government Courtesy of the Florida Center for Instructional Technology

*The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document…group decided laws and systems 1620 It is the FIRST assembly of elected representatives in North America!!!

7. Virginia Charter was revoked by King James I in 1624 The king believed the assembly was too seditious but he also loathed tobacco. Virginia became a royal colony directly under his control. The colonies start of w/o much British interference but the British take more and more control over time. public domain King James I

In summary… Southern plantation colonies: Dominated to a degree by a plantation economy: tobacco and rice Slavery in all southern colonies; indentured servants until late-17th century in Virginia and Maryland; increasingly black slavery thereafter Large land holdings in the hands of aristocrats; aristocratic atmosphere (except North Carolina and parts of Georgia in the 18th century)

D. Sparse population: churches and schools were too expensive to build for very small towns. E. Religious toleration: the Anglican Church was the most prominent F. Expansionary attitudes resulted from the need for new land to compensate for the degradation of existing lands from soil-depleting tobacco farming; this expansion led to conflicts with Native Americans.

AIM: What were the impacts of indentured servitude in Jamestown?

Remember from yesterday… The tobacco industry became the cornerstone of Virginia's economy. A plantation system emerged. A modern-day tobacco field. Wikipedia Commons

One solution for the labor shortage… Indentured Servitude Indentured servants usually received passage to the New World in exchange for four or five years of service (later extended to SEVEN years!) The system was also extended to include the Irish, a group viewed as less civilized than the English and more like the "savage" American Indians.

Indentured Servitude Institution ) Indentured Servitude Institution (1607 - 1700) Freedom Dues: Once servant completed his contract, he/she was freed….They were given land, tools, seed and animals. However, they did not receive voting rights**

Indentured Servants More men than women came to the New World as indentured servants. Women were outnumbered 4:1 and made up only 20 percent of the servant population. Women were not allowed to marry while a servant, so many became pregnant out of wedlock. Some pregnant women escaped servitude while others had to add two years to their term of service.

Indentured Servants There was almost no incentive to keep indentured servants well fed or healthy, so many servants were mistreated. Some owners bought and sold indentured servants even though this was illegal, and some servants complained of being treated as slaves.

The Headright System Originally created in 1618 in Jamestown, Virginia. It was used as a way to attract new settlers to the region and address the labor shortage. With the emergence of tobacco farming, a large supply of workers was needed. New settlers who paid their way to Virginia received 50 acres of land! HEADRIGHT = a grant of land, usually 50 acres

More people = MORE WORKERS! The Headright System Colonists already residing in Virginia were granted two headrights, meaning two tracts of 50 acres each, or a total of 100 acres of land. New settlers who paid their own passage to Virginia were granted one headright. Since every person who entered the colony received a headright, families were encouraged to migrate together. As a result… More people = MORE WORKERS!

Impacts of the headright system… The ability to amass large plots of land by importing workers provided the basis for an emerging aristocracy in Virginia. Plantation owners were further enriched by receiving headrights for newly imported slaves. The implementation of the headright system was an important ingredient in Virginia’s success. Land ownership gave many people a reason to work hard, with the assurance that they were providing for their own futures, not that of the company.

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676 - 1677) Why did it occur?? Nathaniel Bacon represents former indentured servants. Governor William Berkeley of Jamestown

BACON'S REBELLION Involved former indentured servants (too poor to own land) Not accepted in Jamestown Disenfranchised and unable to receive their land They got FRUSTRATED! Gov. Berkeley would not defend settlements from Indian attacks

Nathaniel Bacon acts as the representative for rebels BACON'S REBELLION Nathaniel Bacon acts as the representative for rebels Gov. Berkeley refused to meet their conditions and erupts into a civil war. Bacon dies, Gov. Berkeley puts down rebellion and several rebels are hung Consequence of Bacon’s Rebellion Plantation owners gradually replaced indentured servants with African slaves because it was seen as a better investment in the long term than indentured servitude.

Native Americans resisted white expansion in western Virginia while freedmen were angry that government of Virginia didn't protect white settlers from native attacks! Governor Berkeley was generally friendly toward Native Americans who traded with the colony. House of Burgesses did not usually order attacks on Native Americans that cooperated with the gov't. All is good with the natives…

Nathaniel Bacon, an aristocrat in western Virginia and member of House of Burgesses, began mobilizing a militia to protect whites from natives. In 1676, Bacon's militia massacred natives and set fire to Jamestown, forcing Governor Berkeley out of the city. Bacon’s rebels were opposed to aristocrats and the natives.

Nathaniel Bacon (center) confronts Governor Berkeley (left) Courtesy of National Park Service Painter: Sidney King Nathaniel Bacon (center) confronts Governor Berkeley (left)

Impact of Bacon’s Rebellion Planters saw white indentured servants as too difficult to control and significantly increased importation of black slaves while reducing the number of white indentured servants. Planter elite increasingly played the "race card": encouraged poor whites to discriminate against blacks. Planters feared blacks and poor whites could form an alliance again in the future. Planters effectively controlled poor whites psychologically by emphasizing that poor whites, despite poverty, would always be "superior" to blacks.

MAJOR INCREASE

Synthesis Alert! Slavery became more and more race based and the legacy of pitting whites against blacks continued to what time periods in history??

Think about this… What connection can you make from Bacon’s Rebellion to the American Revolution? Rebelling against control from distant government…over taxes and Native American threat on the frontier!!! Rebelling against control from distant government (Britain)…over taxes and Native American threat on the frontier!!!

What do you notice?