Civil War and Reconstruction AP United States History Unit 5

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Free Soil Party opposed to slavery expansion “Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Speech, Free Men” Martin Van Buren won 10% of vote in 1848 John P. Hale won 5% of vote in 1852

David Wilmot (1847) “I plead the cause and the rights of white freemen. I would preserve to free white labor a fair country, a rich inheritance, where the sons of toil of my own race and my own color can live without the disgrace which association with Negro slavery brings upon free labor.”

Lewis Cass

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850 Northern “victories” Southern “victories” California enters as a free state the slave trade is banned in Washington DC Southern “victories” UT and NM Territories will use popular sovereignty to decide slave question (potential for slave lands north of 36*30’) new, stricter Fugitive Slave Law

Abolitionists and the FSL

Eric Foner, historian, on the FSL “The Fugitive Slave Law…galvanized opinion in the North in a way that the abstract question of slavery may not have done. You could think what you wanted about slavery hundreds of miles away, but when an individual comes to your community, a black individual fleeing marshals who are going to try to grab him and send him back to slavery, it puts slavery on a human level. It made people have to choose, am I going to abide by the law, or am I going to help this fellow human being who’s in trouble? And many people who were not abolitionists at all felt they could not cooperate with the Fugitive Slave Law. And often it was violently resisted…”

Great Triumvirate

Election of 1852

Stephen Douglas, the “Little Giant”

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Congressional Election of 1854

“Bleeding Kansas”

Sumner-Brooks Affair

William Walker

Douglas Buchanan Pierce Cass

Election of 1856 John C. Frémont

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Chief Justice Roger Taney Dred Scott case (1857) Chief Justice Roger Taney Dred Scott

Raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859)

John Brown, the martyr

John Brown’s Body John Brown's body lies a mouldering in the grave, His soul's marching on! CHORUS. Glory Hally, Hallelujah! Glory Hally, Hallelujah! Glory Hally, Hallelujah! He's gone to be a soldier in the army of our Lord, He's gone to be a soldier in the army of our Lord. John Brown's knapsack is strapped upon his back, His pet lamps will meet him on the way, - His pet lamps will meet him on the way. - They go marching on! They will hang Jeff Davis to a tree! As they march along! Now, three rousing cheers for the Union! As we are marching on!

John Brown, the radical http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/brown/sfeature/song.html

Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)

Douglas’s Freeport Doctrine …in my opinion, the people of a Territory can, by lawful means, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution….It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter decide as to the abstract question whether slavery may or may not go into a Territory under the Constitution, the people have the lawful means to introduce it or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by local police regulations. Those police regulations can only be established by the local legislature; and if the people are opposed to slavery, they will elect representatives to that body who will by unfriendly legislation effectually prevent the introduction of it into their midst. If, on the contrary, they are for it, their legislation will favor its extension. Hence, no matter what the decision of the Supreme Court may be on that abstract question, still the right of the people to make a Slave Territory or a Free Territory is perfect and complete under the Nebraska bill.

Lincoln on Negro Equality I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races, that I am not nor ever have been in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people; and I will say in addition to this that there is a physical difference between the white and black races which I believe will forever forbid the two races living together on terms of social and political equality. And inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white race. I say upon this occasion I do not perceive that because the white man is to have the superior position the negro should be denied everything. I do not understand that because I do not want a negro woman for a slave I must necessarily want her for a wife. My understanding is that I can just let her alone. September 18, 1858 (Fourth Debate with Douglas)