CHAPTER 3 LESSON 2

VOCABULARY Abolitionist – someone who wanted to end, or abolish, slavery Discrimination – unfair treatment of particular groups of people Underground Railroad – series of escape routes and hiding places to help bring slaves out of the South

THINK ABOUT IT Use abolitionist and Underground Railroad in a sentence. An abolitionist might have worked as a conductor on the Underground Railroad.

ANTISLAVERY MOVEMENT Some people felt slavery was needed to grow cash crops such as cotton and tobacco. Others believed it was wrong to enslave people.

ABOLITIONISTS Abolitionists included people in the North and South, whites, and free blacks, men and women. They wrote pamphlets and traveled across the country giving speeches against slavery.

FAMOUS ABOLITIONISTS William Lloyd Garrison – printed an antislavery newspaper call The Liberator He demanded that all enslaved people be freed “I will not retreat a single inch AND I WILL BE HEARD.”

FAMOUS ABOLITIONISTS Frederick Douglass – a well known abolitionist that escaped from slavery Was a writer and often spoke to white audiences about slavery

FAMOUS ABOLITIONISTS Sojourner Truth – she had been born into slavery Spoke in favor of abolition and women’s rights (suffrage)

FAMOUS ABOLITIONISTS Sarah Grimke and Angelina Grimke – sisters who were from South Carolina and daughters of a slave owner As adults, they moved north and spoke out against slavery

FREE BLACKS African-Americans, free or enslaved, faced discrimination in the South and the North. What is discrimination? Discrimination is the unfair treatment of particular groups of people

FREE BLACKS IN THE SOUTH In the South, state laws limited the rights of free blacks. For example, free blacks in the south could not travel without permission or meet in groups without a white person present.

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE NORTH Even though they were free, African Americans in the North also faced discrimination. However, it was legal for them to travel freely, organize groups, and publish newspapers. This made it possible for the free blacks in the North to work openly against slavery.

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD What is the Underground Railroad? A series of escape routes and hiding places to bring slaves out of the South.

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD The Underground Railroad was not underground, and it was not really a railroad. Do you think “The Underground Railroad” is an appropriate name for this series of escape routes? Why or why not?

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD Runaways, the people who fled slavery, could head for the North and Canada, or go south to Florida, Mexico, or the Caribbean. Often, they walked at night. Also, sometimes they hid in carts driven by members of the Underground Railroad.

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD Escaping took tremendous courage. Runaways who were caught would be punished and returned to slavery.

STATIONS AND CONDUCTORS Free blacks gave money and did most of the work to support the Underground Railroad. They gave food, clothing, and medical aid to runaways. Also, they hid them until it was safe to move on to the next location.

STATIONS AND CONDUCTORS Hiding places were known as stations. People called “Conductors” guided runaways to the next station.

WHO WAS THE MOST FAMOUS CONDUCTOR? Harriet Tubman was the most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad.

HARRIET TUBMAN She returned 19 times to the South to lead others to freedom. Tubman helped approximately 300 people escape to the North. Each time she returned to the South, she risked being caught and enslaved again.