Jodie Toft and the Marine NatCap team Overlap Analysis Jodie Toft and the Marine NatCap team

LOTS OF USES IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS CMSP IS GAINING STEAM, AS IS USING AN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FRAMEWORK TO ACCOUNT FOR OUR DIVERSE USES OF OUR COASTS AND OCEANS Understanding where and how humans use coastal and marine environments is an essential component of marine resource planning and management. Marine and coastal ecosystems are essential places for a variety of activities including fishing (commercial, recreational, subsistence and ceremonial) and recreation (e.g. boating, kayaking, diving, whale-watching). When siting new activities and infrastructure or zoning areas for particular uses, a key step is the identification and visualization of the variety of human uses that occur in the region and the places in which they overlap (e.g., GBRMPA 2003, CDFG 2008, Beck et al. 2009, CRMC 2010). This allows for the identification of hotspots of human use and highlights regions where the compatibility of various activities should be investigated. The InVEST Overlap Analysis model provides users with a simple framework for mapping and identifying important areas for human use in the marine environment. The model also allows users to include information about a variety of uses of the coastal and marine environment (e.g., commercial fishery logbooks or landings reports data, participation numbers for recreational activities) that can be used to weigh the relative importance of different uses and locations. The model is simple to use, quick to run, and can be applied in any region of the world where there is spatially-explicit information on human uses. The model does not value environmental services or estimate the economic value of human uses, but the outputs can be used to identify areas and different user groups that may be affected by policy change. The model produces a map of hotspots for human activities (e.g., fishing activity/fishing grounds) across as many human uses as the users chooses to include. Our “tier 0” models for mapping recreation and fisheries converged on this approach. Throughout this chapter we will give examples for both recreation and fisheries. Using the tool across various categories of human uses may make sense in some instances, but devising schemes for weights will likely be difficult. Outputs can be used to help decision-makers weigh potential conflicts between sectors of spatially-explicit management options that may involve new activities or infrastructure. The Overlap Analysis Model complements more complicated InVEST fisheries and recreation models that are in development. The fisheries Tier 1 model is appropriate for use with single species or groups of species and is used to estimate the quantity and value of fish harvested by commercial fisheries. Additionally, a recreational submodel can be used to predict the amount of recreational fishing effort required to catch the quantity of fish output from the Tier 1 fisheries model. Fisheries Tier 2 and 3 models will include functionality to incorporate impacts of biogenic habitat on the survival and fecundity of different life-stages of target species, and the ability to wrap around outputs use from more complex food-web models (e.g., Ecopath with Ecosim and Atlantis).

For CMSP – trying to get to maps like these. GBR MPA zoning plan Tough when you start with maps like these

But you start, if you’re lucky, with information like this.

Note: this is not my child. But you start, if you’re lucky, with information like this.

Need identified

Need identified

Uses for Overlap Analysis Identify marine and coastal areas that are hotspots for activity Highlights regions where the compatibility of various activities may need to be investigated Scenario development Broadening the discussion from one to many sectors Mapping current uses and summarizing the relative importance of various regions for particular activities is an important first step in marine spatial planning. The InVEST Overlap Analysis Model was designed to produce maps that can be used to identify marine and coastal areas that are most important for human use. Initial development of this model was as two separate “Tier 0” models for recreation and fisheries. However, since the underlying approach was fundamentally similar, we combined them into one model that can be used to map not only recreation and fisheries, but also other activities. Inputs include information about where human use activities occur (required), weights that reflect the relative importance of different human uses (optional) and information on spatial variability within uses (optional). Because it simply maps current uses and does not model behavior, this model is not well-suited to the evaluation of how human uses may change in response to changes in the coastal and marine environment. However, it can be used to model scenarios that reflect changes in the areas used by different activities or changes in attributes such as total landings or number of trips that are used to weight activities. This is a “Tier 0” model.

A Tiered Approach Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-3 Model Complexity Low Model Complexity High Global, coarse Local, fine Data Availability Tier 1 models are low complexity and work with data that’s available at a global, coarse scale. These are simple to parameterize, designed for data limited areas, easy to apply, and give a first cut estimate of ecossytem services. At the high end, are Tier 3 models, which are complex, designed for data rich areas, require substantial time to apply, and provide more reliable and refined estimates. The InVEST tool is such that the user can employ Tier 3 level models when they are avaialbe for the area – as may be the case for fisheries – but can still use Tier 1 models for services without more existing, complex models. simple parameterization designed for data limited areas easy to apply first cut estimates of ES complex models designed for data rich area substantial time to apply more reliable and refined estimates Tallis 2009

A Tiered Approach Tier-0 Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-3 Model Complexity Low Model Complexity High Global, coarse Local, fine Data Availability Tier 1 models are low complexity and work with data that’s available at a global, coarse scale. These are simple to parameterize, designed for data limited areas, easy to apply, and give a first cut estimate of ecossytem services. At the high end, are Tier 3 models, which are complex, designed for data rich areas, require substantial time to apply, and provide more reliable and refined estimates. The InVEST tool is such that the user can employ Tier 3 level models when they are avaialbe for the area – as may be the case for fisheries – but can still use Tier 1 models for services without more existing, complex models. simple parameterization designed for data limited areas easy to apply first cut estimates of ES complex models designed for data rich area substantial time to apply more reliable and refined estimates Tallis 2009

Data Requirements Go through the sample input datasets by using the software and opening each of the sample datasets, discuss what each is, where sources might be and anything critical about formatting it for InVEST.

Inputs Outputs Location of activities Weights that reflect the relative importance of different activities Hotspots of use : process based part – just state what the model does. Simple growth model… Outputs – reflect on where these are relevant to CK's first marine InVEST diagram - just biophysical outputs, any valuation outputs (BREAKOUT)? Service outputs Intermediate outputs – what to do with these in WQ and HQ work? 2 BREAKOUTS Information on spatial variability within uses

Location of activities Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas Summarizing results of InSEAM

Weights that reflect the relative importance of different activities Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas Summarizing results of InSEAM

Information on spatial variability within uses Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas Summarizing results of InSEAM

Information on spatial variability within uses Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas Summarizing results of InSEAM

How it works Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas Summarizing results of InSEAM

How it works Summarizing maps drawn by stakeholders and giving certainty to certain areas Summarizing results of InSEAM

Overlap Analysis in Practice: Wave Energy and Existing Uses 500-700K of fish to make it profitable Growout on land for FW stages Outplant at 50g? Grow to ? Kg Grow 18-22 months Harvest all at once Fish grow fastest in spring/summer

Identifying areas of overlap NPV Barkley Sound Clayoquot

Compatibility mapping Ucluelet Tofino

Hands-on session let users run the model on their own computers, using our sample data or their own data. Answer questions that come up one‐onone, unless a common problem is raised, in which case stop the session to explain that issue. (30 minutes) Validation: If applicable, open any intermediate files that should be checked to ensure the model is working right and the data were input correctly. Discuss what patterns you should see in each file. Results: Open all output files, one at a time, discussing how to interpret each one. Emphasize the difference between service and value outputs, note the differences in patterns between them and why they exist. (7 minutes)

Questions? let users run the model on their own computers, using our sample data or their own data. Answer questions that come up one‐onone, unless a common problem is raised, in which case stop the session to explain that issue. (30 minutes) Validation: If applicable, open any intermediate files that should be checked to ensure the model is working right and the data were input correctly. Discuss what patterns you should see in each file. Results: Open all output files, one at a time, discussing how to interpret each one. Emphasize the difference between service and value outputs, note the differences in patterns between them and why they exist. (7 minutes)