Bellringer Explain these pictures.

What’s Going on over there in asia? China Japan

Interaction with westerners Chinese look down on all foreigners They felt like they already had all they needed China is largely self- sufficient Resources in China Salt, tin, silver, iron Silks, high-quality cotton, and porcelain

But Europe was determined Opium Habit forming narcotic made from the poppy plant Chinese doctors had been using it to relieve pain for years In the 18th century, however, British merchants smuggled opium into China for nonmedical use. By 1835 as many as 12 million Chinese people were addicted to the drug. Chinese emperor was not ok with the situation, pleas with England Queen to stop sending it to China. Pleas go unanswered Clash between Britain and China

Dear Queen Victoria… “By what right do they [British merchants] . . . use the poisonous drug to injure the Chinese people? . . . I have heard that the smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by your country; that is because the harm caused by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not permitted to do harm to your own country, then even less should you let it be passed on to the harm of other countries.” LIN ZEXU, quoted in China’s Response to the West

Opium war 1839 Battles took place mostly at sea China’s outdated ships were no match for Britain’s steam-powered gunboats. Chinese suffer a humiliating defeat Signed a peace treaty in 1842 that gave Britain the island of Hong Kong.

Foreigners were not the greatest of China’s problems The countries own population provided an overwhelming challenge. The number of Chinese grew to 430 million by 1850, yet in the same period of time, food production barely increased. Many people were hungry, they became discouraged, and Opium addiction arose. SO basically you have STARVING, DEPRESSED, DRUG ADDICTS that make up a majority of your population….

They’re all a bunch of rebels Taiping Rebellion Late 1830’s Hong Xiuquan began recruiting followers to help him build a “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace” In this kingdom all would share China’s vast wealth and no one would live in poverty. Taiping means “great peace” Exact opposite happened. Tons of battles fought with Chinese and British. At least 20 million people died. Boxer Rebellion Chinese people are frustrated with their situation Poor peasants and workers resented the special privileges granted to foreigners. Also were not happy with Chinese Christians adopting a foreign faith. To protest they formed a secret org. called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists aka the Boxers. Their campaign against the Empress’s rule and foreigner privilege is known as the Boxer Rebellion

Modernization in Japan 17th century Japan shut itself off from almost contact with other nations. (remember absolutism) Japanese Society very tightly ordered. 19th Century westerners tried to convince the Japanese to open their ports to trade.

Commodore Matthew Perry In 1853 US Commodore Matthew Perry took 4 “intimidating” ships into Japan’s Tokyo harbor. The Japanese were impressed by the massive wooden ships powered by steam and their massive cannons. Perry also brought a letter from the US President which politely asked to allow free trade between the US and Japan. Intimidated they agreed. Exports from Japan Tea Silk shipbuilding

Meiji Era (Enlightened Rule) Japanese are angry that the shogun (Japanese govt) had given in to the foreigners’ demands. New leader, Mutsuhito, who seemed to symbolize the country’s sense of pride and nationalism. He decided the best way to counter western influence was to modernize. Germany’s centralized government Discipline of Germany’s army Skill of British Navy American system of universal public education Industrialization

Imperial Japan It became the strongest military power in Asia As Japan’s power grew it also became more imperialistic. The Japanese were determined to show the world they were a powerful nation. Korea’s up for grabs both China and Japan fight for it. They decide to sign a “hands-off” agreement China breaks agreement Sino-Japanese war is b/n Japan and China over Korea Japan drives China out of Korea and wins lands in Taiwan

Russo-Japanese War Japan’s victory over China changed the world’s balance of power. Russia and Japan emerged as the major powers- and enemies- in East Asia. The two countries go to war over Manchuria. Japan said they would stay out of Manchuria if Russia stayed out of Korea. Russia refused. Japan launched a surprise attack on Russian ships anchored off the coast of Manchuria. The war drove Russian troops out of Korea and captured most of Russia’s Pacific fleet.

Treaty of Portsmouth Gave Japan the captured territories Forced Russia to withdraw from Manchuria and stay out of Korea

Vocabulary for Quiz Tomorrow Industrialization Karl Marx Adam Smith Communism Capitalism Nationalism Imperialism Communist Manifesto Wealth of Nations Otto von Bismarck Opium War Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War Urbanization Factory Conditions