The new imperialism The Pacific

What is imperialism? What is Imperialism? The extension of a nation’s power over other lands What are its motivations? Economic Interests – New places meant new markets for the goods of Industrial nations. They also were new sources of raw materials

What is imperialism? Military Motivations – Industrial nations have created strong navies to protect their shores and trade interests. Why is acquiring territory important to this? They need places where they can build bases to repair and resupply.

What is imperialism? Ideological Motivations – Two different ideologies, or belief systems, also contributed to imperialism. Nationalism – Pride in ones country led to the idea that national power and prestige should be increased through conquest. Social Darwinism – The idea that superior cultures would survive while other cultures would be “civilized”.

Where to expand? European powers had been taking control over large territories in Africa and Asia throughout the 19th Century. When the U.S. started expanding the target area was the Pacific Ocean. This leads to the U.S. gaining control of Hawaii It proves to be a great place to set up coal stations on the way to China and is capable of a rich sugar economy. Even as early as 1800s the U.S. is interested in Pearl Harbor

Hawaii The U.S. had contact with Hawaii as early as the 1820s shortly after King Kamehameha united the islands. New natives same result. The Americans that began settling and raising sugar cane also brought disease The population of Hawaii goes from around 300,000 in 1770 to 40,000 in 1893

hawaii American’s controlled much of the economy in Hawaii and wanted more and more power. Bayonet Constitution – A constitution forced on Hawaiian rulers in 1887 that severely limited the power of the Hawaiian monarchy. Queen Liliuokalani declared that she would restore the power of the monarchy in 1893 The monarchy ends after a revolt of American sugar tycoons led by Sanford Dole. U.S. Marines are used at the order of the American minister to Hawaii President McKinley annexed Hawaii in 1898, it became a state in 1959. The U.S. Congress issued an official apology in 1993 for its role in overthrowing Liliuokalani.

China By the 1890’s most European countries had already established spheres of influence in Asia. Sphere of Influence? A Sphere of Influence is a geographic area where an outside nation exerts special economic or political control Secretary of State John Hay proposed the Open Door Policy which stated that all nations should have equal trading rights in China. This was an attempt to get the U.S. into the largest growth market of the time.

china When no other country rejected the Open Door Policy Hay declared that it had been approved. With multiple countries vying for Chinese business anti-foreigner sentiment grows in the Chinese population. One group called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or Boxers by Westerners, began attacking foreign missionaries and Chinese Christians. Europeans and Americans flooded troops into China to quell the Boxer Rebellion. These events strengthened Hay’s Open Door Policy

Japan In 1853 President Fillmore sent modern U.S. Warships into Tokyo Bay. To a non industrialized nation the message was clear, you can not resist. In 1854 Japan and the U.S. had a treaty that opened Japan to trade with the U.S. Japan began rapidly industrializing and modernizing. By 1895 Japan seizes Taiwan from China By 1905 the Japanese defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War. A fight over the Chinese province of Manchuria

The great white fleet With the growing power of Japan and the unsettled balance of power following the Russo-Japanese War, President Roosevelt decided to make a statement. He sent the Great White Fleet consisting of four squadrons of battleships on a worldwide journey to demonstrate U.S. naval power. The ships stopped in 20 ports across six continents, including Japan, before it came home. He wanted other nations to understand that the U.S. had the power to defend its international interests.