The Changing World Totalitarian leaders Italy Germany Japan Russia Italy Germany Japan Imperial China Collapses India gains self-rule Iran Turkey

Imperial China Collapses 1911 Nationalist Overthrow the Qing Dynasty Qing had ruled since 1644 Republic founded Sun Yixian becomes President, but turns over position (returns later as leader of Nationalist Party) Republic doesn’t last and local warlords take over

Imperial China Collapses China enters World War I Declares war against Germany May Fourth Movement: Treaty of Versailles - Germany territories in China turned over to Japanese Huge demonstrations throughout China Chinese intellectuals turned to Lenin Soviet communism instead of Western democracy

Imperial China Collapses Mao Zedong Beijing University assistant librarian organizes the Chinese Communist Party Believed the peasants could be the true revolutionaries

Civil War Rages Nationalists Communists Chiang Kai-shek Supported by the middle class Recognized by the US and Great Britain, not Russia Mao Zedung Supported by peasants Recognized by Lenin (Russia)

Imperial China Collapses Nationalists Win! (this time) A New Republic is formed - 1927 Chiang Kai-Shek becomes the new President Civil War erupts – 1930 and lasts until 1949 The Long March – 1933-34 Mao and 100,000 men flee 6,000 miles through China Mao and the Communists gain followers

India Ends British Rule After WWI Nationalist movements Rowlatt Acts -“emergency measures” to control the public Amritsar Massacre British open-fired on a protest

India Ends British Rule Mohandas (Mohatma – “great soul”) Gandhi 1920 – Congress Party endorsed Civil Disobedience The Salt March 1935 – self-rule

Other Countries Turkey – post WWI – territory reduced Mustafa Kemal - renamed Ataturk “Father of the Turks” Fights Greeks; become 1st president of Turkey Persia (Greek name) – Nationalist revolution - becomes Iran