The Cold War

First.. what agreements were made at the end of WWII in Europe? Yalta Conference- Roosevelt met with Churchill and Stalin Toasted the defeat of Germany 8 day discussion about what to do with Germany

Roosevelt Stalin Churchill His country is devastated after the war. Acted as a mediator Stalin Churchill His country is devastated after the war. Feels that Germany should be harshly punished Did not want to punish Germany in fear of repeating WWI mistake.

Final Agreements To please Stalin… 2. In return… 3. Also… Germany divided into 4 zones (U.S., British, USSR, France) 2. In return… Stalin agrees to allow Poland and other Soviet occupied countries to hold free elections 3. Also… Stalin agrees to join U.S. against Japan and to join the U.N.

The Nuremberg War Trials 24 Nazi leaders put on trial for involvement in Holocaust 12 of 24 sentenced to death… …Most others sent to Prison. Eventually, over 200 additional leaders punished. Although controversial, trials set a precedent… “…Following orders” is not an excuse for crimes against humanity.

What about Japan? After Japan’s surrender, the U.S. Remained in the country under the command of Douglas Macarthur for 7 years. Over 1000 Japanese leaders were imprisoned or sentenced to death including Hideki Tojo.

Occupied Japan Under Macarthur, the following occurred in Japan… …. Introduction to free-market practices …. Call for women's suffrage …. New constitution …. Guaranteed basic freedoms To this day, the Constitution is known as the Macarthur Constitution. Happy Japan? 

Soviet Union [“Iron Curtain”] The Cold War [1945-1991]: Soviet Union [“Iron Curtain”] Democracies GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & collapse of the Communist world. GOAL  spread world-wide Communism METHODOLOGIES: Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] Arms Race Communism vs. Democracy NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

Origins of the Cold War Soviets are Angry American’s are Angry U.S. did not recognize their Government Allies waited too long to Attack Germany. We kept atomic bomb a secret American’s are Angry Soviets signed non-aggression pact with Germany

The United Nations April 25th, 1945 50 countries met in San Francisco to establish new peacekeeping body

Tensions Mount Stalin & Truman disagree on… … No free election in Poland …Soviets wanted Germany to pay reparations …Truman wants democracy and free trade around the world …Soviets claim eastern Europe – satellite nations

Satellite Nations Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Poland

Containment & The Iron Curtain Feb. 1946: George Kennan U.S. diplomat in Moscow (used the word “containment” Block the Soviet spread of communism March 1946: Winston Churchill Gave speech in the United States “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent”

Containing the Iron Curtain

The Cold War Begins

The Cold War Begins 1945-1991 (46 years!) U.S. – Soviet Union Neither nation directly confronted one another on the battlefield

The Truman Doctrine President Truman aid to any country resisting communism $400 million given to Turkey & Greece from 1947-1950

The Marshall Plan- 1947 Most of Europe destroyed from WWII Secretary of State: George Marshall Aid to all European nations that needed it 16 countries $13 billion 4 years

Struggle over Germany Berlin Also divided After WWII, Germany divided into 4 zones Yalta Conference G.B./France/U.S. combine zones West German / Democracy Soviet Union remains separate East Germany – Communist Berlin Also divided

Berlin Airlift Berlin in East Germany Soviets impose blockade on West Berlin Retaliation to combining of zones stop people trying to leave East Berlin U.S. & G.B. fly food & supplies to W. Berlin for 327 days May 1949: Soviets lift blockade

NATO 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization military alliance 1st time for U.S. during peacetime Nations: - U.S. – Canada – Belgium – Denmark – Luxem. – Netherlands -Norway -Portugal – Greece –Turkey – West Germany

Date Topic Page 11/18 Korean War Notes 64

Optional Oral History Interview EC Project due 12/1 Reminders Last chance to make up Unit 6 Test (Friday 11/20 for 45 mins and Monday 11/23 for 45 mins) Unit 7 Test is 11/30 Optional Oral History Interview EC Project due 12/1

1) The world peacekeeping body formed after WWII was called Bellringer Thursday April 30th- Practice MC Questions, just write the letter of your answer! 1) The world peacekeeping body formed after WWII was called League of Nations United Nations North Atlantic Treaty Organization Warsaw Pact

2. The now famous “iron curtain” speech was given by…. A) Harry Truman B) Douglas MacArthur C) Winston Churchill D) George Marshall

3. One of the key characteristics of communism was … A) no opposing parties B) a market-based economy C) free and open elections D) a weak central government

4. All of the following were members of NATO except… A) China B) France C) Great Britain D) the United States

5. America’s foreign policy post-WWII focused on… A) Isolating themselves from foreign affairs B) Helping rebuild the Soviet economy after the war C) Containing the spread of Communism D) Avoiding alliances

Bell ringer Friday 12/1: ***Turn in your 1950s Newspaper, then: Draw the word map below in the BR section of your notebook. In each of the four quadrants, do whatever the instructions tell you to. Definition: Synonyms (words that mean the same thing) Containment Use it in a sentence: Draw a picture of it:

The Korean War 1950-1953 Focus Question: Why does the United States become involved in the war between North Korea & South Korea?

Japan controlled Korea before WWII Why do you think Japan lost control of Korea?

The Cold War Heats Up WWII – Japanese occupy China Chinese Communist & Nationalist join forces Mao Zedong (communist) - north Chiang Kai-shek (nationalist) - south Japan defeated – leaves China - Civil War breaks out in China U.S. aids Nationalists - Unfortunately, Chiang Kai-shek’s government is corrupt Peasants in China supported Mao Zedong - Communists improved food production & encouraged peasants to learn to read.

China The U.S. helped Jiang (a nationalist) He Won The U.S. helped Jiang (a nationalist) The Soviets helped Mao (a communist)

Communist China May 1949: Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan People’s Republic of China was created as communist country U.S. did not recognize this new republic

Domino Theory 1950s

Korean War [1950-1953]

The Korean War Japanese rule Korea from 1910-1945 38th Parallel - Japanese surrender north of line to Soviets - Japanese surrender south of line to U.S. By 1949, Americans & Soviets pull out of both areas North Korea becomes industrial South Korea is agricultural

North Korea Communist China and the Soviet Union helped them South Korea Democratic US and United Nations helped them

The Korean War (Cont.) 1950: North Korea invades S. Korea President Truman orders air support for S. Korea United Nations sends 520,000 troops to help S. Korea 90 % of troops were Americans led by WWII hero, Douglas MacArthur

The Korean War 5 Star (D.Mac.) forces North Korea to retreat - He invades N. Korea China aids North Korea - 300,000 Chinese drive UN Forces back 5 Star recommends nuking Chinese cities President Truman says no; China is Soviets allies MacArthur openly criticizes Truman President Truman fires MacArthur Americans were angered: 69% favored 5 Star

The Shifting Map of Korea [1950-1953]

Stalemate June 23, 1951- Ceasefire U.S. Results of War $67 billion 36,516 KIA 92,134 Wounded 8,176 MIA 7,245 POW $67 billion No declaration of war by Congress Referred to as “The Forgotten War”

Stalemate (Cont.) Rejection of Dem. Party (Truman) Elected Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) as president 38th parallel still exists today (DMZ = Demilitarized Zone)

History Frame As you watch the video, complete the history frame on the back of today’s notes. You can use your notes from today plus details from the video.

Current Event: Korea Find and analyze a current event article pertaining to North and South Korea 2015-2017. ***Raise your hand when you find your article, Mrs. Wilson must approve it!! Create a google slide (shared with Mrs. Wilson) that includes a summary and an evaluation. See your assignment sheet for more specific detail. Mrs. Wilson’s email heatherm.Wilson@cms.k12.nc.us

Birthday Partners Step One: ONLY read the quote you were assigned. One person reads aloud, the other person summarizes the “gist” of your quote in your own words

Birthday Partners Step TWO: Take turns writing the “gist” statement you hear from the other pair groups in the space provided.

Birthday Partners Step Three: Answer the questions on the back of your handout. You should alternate who writes each one.

So what about Korea Today? CNN Video- Koreas on Edge

Use your textbook pages 811, 819 and 830 to help you complete the map. Early Cold War Map Use your textbook pages 811, 819 and 830 to help you complete the map. Each person needs the following colors: Blue, Red, Yellow, Green and black. *If you can’t find these colors- you are allowed to make your own key--- just get any five colors and create key with those*

Cold War Map Questions Use the Map on p. 811 in the textbook. Answer these questions on a separate sheet of notebook paper (1/2 sheet is fine): 1) Which nations belonged to NATO? (List all) 2) Which nations belonged to the Warsaw pact? (List all) 3) Which countries does the Iron Curtain run through? (List all) 4) How did these post World War II alliances divide Europe? (which side- East or West- was communist and which was democratic?)

Assignment Today: Your Choice Current Event Assignment with North Korea OR Early Cold War Worksheet Review Packets using textbook

Current Event Assignment This is your TBA homework for tonight from outline. Due Monday 11/17 Find, read and evaluate a current event article pertaining to tension between North Korea and the rest of the world. See instruction sheet for more details. Remember to use a reliable source!