World War II Period 6 themes technology decline of Europe “global” culture Chapter 30

Sukarno president of Indonesia 1945 - 1967 power of Japanese over Dutch, change in balance of powers around the world (less European) defeated Dutch return….nationalism, anti-colonial, anti-Western…with Soviet help (COLD WAR)

Causes nationalism, imperialism, alliances, militarism OLD NEW ULTIMATE context after WWI Great Depression rise of totalitarian dictatorships German and Japanese aggression

Start of WWII - western failure? YES NO Japan - Mukden Incident, 1931: invasion of Manchuria League of Nations ? Germany - annexation of Sudetenland, 1938 Munich Conference appeasement, Neville Chamberlain

Total War

Main Events - Europe 1) non-agression pact Soviet Union and Germany 2) German blitzkrieg invasion of Western Europe 3) Battle of Britain, refuse to leave the war 4) German invasion East: Operation Barbarossa 5) U.S. enters the war 6) Soviet counter-attack on Eastern Front 7) D-Day: Anglo-American victories in West

Main Events - Asia 1) Japanese invasion of China - 1931, 1937 2) Pearl Harbor 3) Japanese expansion into SE Asia 4) “island hopping” - U.S. counter attack 5) direct bombing of Tokyo 6) U.S. ends the war with atomic bombs

Results of WWII United Nations Cold War Nationalism - independence movements -drained European resources -changed attitudes towards imperialism (UN) -changed power structure - U.S. and Soviets -gave indigenous peoples experience w/ war -psychological impact - vulnerable Europeans

Southeast Asia INDIA - 1942 INC led “Quit India Movement” Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Muslim League (supported war) - start of split, formation of Pakistan British politics: labor vs. conservative (Churchill) after WWII: India + Philippines quickly independent, Indonesia (Dutch) and Vietnam (French) - violence

non-settler Africa WWII influences disrupted economy more colonists served in war changed perception of Europeans some industrial production urbanization, unemployed after WWII WWII influences Ghana (Britain) - example of more radical, Kwame Nkrumah, international context, economic boycotts Senegal (France) - more gradual, kept more cultural and economic ties

settler Africa National Liberation Front vs. 1 million French Algeria (France) Kenya (Britain) Southern Rhodesia (Britain) restore military pride, settler violence (OAS) 1962 Land and Freedom Party Jomo Kenyatta 1963 Ian Smith, white minority rule in 1965 Robert Mugabe’s ZANA rebellion, 1980

South Africa 23 million blacks, 4,5 million Afrikaans, 3.5 m Indians Nationalist Party in 1948 - apartheid, independence from Britain officially in 1961 under minority rule

Palestinian question conflicting nationalism…..Muslim revolts vs. increasing zionist migrations 1948 Partition plan Civil War