Step Seven: 17th Parallel CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Similar to the situation in Korea, the country of Vietnam was split close to a line of latitude; in this case the 17th parallel. communist North Vietnam was above the line and democratic South Vietnam was below the line. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF CAMBODIA South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Seven: 17th Parallel CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Similar to the situation in Korea, the country of Vietnam was split close to a line of latitude; in this case the 17th parallel. communist North Vietnam was above the line and democratic South Vietnam was below the line. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF CAMBODIA South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Seven: 17th Parallel NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Similar to the situation in Korea, the country of Vietnam was split close to a line of latitude; in this case the 17th parallel. communist North Vietnam was above the line and democratic South Vietnam was below the line. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Eight: Hanoi NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi was the capital of North Vietnam after Japanese occupation in 1945, and then again after French occupation in 1954. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Eight: Hanoi NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi Hanoi was the capital of North Vietnam after Japanese occupation in 1945, and then again after French occupation in 1954. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Nine: Saigon NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi Saigon was the capital of South Vietnam prior to, and during the Vietnam War. After the fall of Saigon at the end of the war, the name of the city was officially changed to Ho Chi Minh City. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Nine: Saigon NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi Saigon was the capital of South Vietnam prior to, and during the Vietnam War. After the fall of Saigon at the end of the war, the name of the city was officially changed to Ho Chi Minh City. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Ten: U.S. Air Raids NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi Later in the war, the United States performed air raids on the North Vietnamese capital of Hanoi. Operation Linebacker II was the codename for the so-called ‘Christmas Bombings’ or ‘December Raids’, which targeted Hanoi. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Ten: U.S. Air Raids NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi U.S. Air Raids Later in the war, the United States performed air raids on the North Vietnamese capital of Hanoi. Operation Linebacker II was the codename for the so-called ‘Christmas Bombings’ or ‘December Raids’, which targeted Hanoi. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Gulf of Tonkin Incident Step Eleven: Gulf of Tonkin Incident NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a naval confrontation between the U.S. and the North Vietnamese. Shots were fired and just a handful of North Vietnamese casualties (no U.S. casualties). This led to Congress passing a Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave president Johnson the authority to give military assistance to any Southeast Asian country without congress voting to go to war. U.S. Air Raids LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Gulf of Tonkin Incident Step Eleven: Gulf of Tonkin Incident NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a naval confrontation between the U.S. and the North Vietnamese. Shots were fired and just a handful of North Vietnamese casualties (no U.S. casualties). This led to Congress passing a Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave president Johnson the authority to give military assistance to any Southeast Asian country without congress voting to go to war. U.S. Air Raids LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Twelve: Ho Chi Minh Trail NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi U.S. Air Raids Ho Chi Minh Trail, named after the North Vietnamese revolutionary leader, was a supply line used by the North through Laos and Cambodia. This allowed the North to attack at strategic locations in South Vietnam. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM CAMBODIA Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Twelve: Ho Chi Minh Trail NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi U.S. Air Raids Ho Chi Minh Trail, named after the North Vietnamese revolutionary leader, was a supply line used by the North through Laos and Cambodia. This allowed the North to attack at strategic locations in South Vietnam. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Thirteen: Tet Offensive CHINA THAILAND CAMBODIA NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi The now-famous Cu Chi Tunnel system was another Vietcong innovation that helped them fight in South Vietnam. It was an elaborate system of underground pathways and rooms for the “Vietcong” or NLF (National Liberation Front). Americans weren’t aware of these tunnels until the 1960s, and the U.S. military later used heavy bombing and “tunnel rats” (U.S. soldiers willing to go inside the tunnels). U.S. Air Raids LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Thirteen: Tet Offensive CHINA THAILAND CAMBODIA NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi The now-famous Cu Chi Tunnel system was another Vietcong innovation that helped them fight in South Vietnam. It was an elaborate system of underground pathways and rooms for the “Vietcong” or NLF (National Liberation Front). Americans weren’t aware of these tunnels until the 1960s, and the U.S. military later used heavy bombing and “tunnel rats” (U.S. soldiers willing to go inside the tunnels). U.S. Air Raids LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Cu Chi Tunnels Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Thirteen: Tet Offensive NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi The Tet Offensive was a series of over 100 coordinated attacks by the North on January 30th, 1968. Although it was not successful in terms of gaining land, there were casualties (c. 5,000 S. Vietnamese, c. 5,000 Americans, c. 20,000 N. Vietnamese). It was discouraging to American forces (and citizens back home), who realized that the war was not going to end any time soon. U.S. Air Raids LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Cu Chi Tunnels Saigon South China Sea Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Thirteen: Tet Offensive NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi The Tet Offensive was a series of over 100 coordinated attacks by the North on January 30th, 1968. Although it was not successful in terms of gaining land, there were casualties (c. 5,000 S. Vietnamese, c. 5,000 Americans, c. 20,000 N. Vietnamese). It was discouraging to American forces (and citizens back home), who realized that the war was not going to end any time soon. U.S. Air Raids LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Cu Chi Tunnels Saigon South China Sea = Tet Offensive Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Fourteen: Invasion of Cambodia NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi U.S. Air Raids In 1970, President Nixon ordered the invasion of Cambodia for the purpose of disrupting North Vietnamese supply lines along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. This included 30 separate operations between May and June of 1970. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Cu Chi Tunnels Saigon South China Sea = Tet Offensive Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Fourteen: Invasion of Cambodia NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi U.S. Air Raids In 1970, President Nixon ordered the invasion of Cambodia for the purpose of disrupting North Vietnamese supply lines along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. This included 30 separate operations between May and June of 1970. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Invasion of Cambodia Cu Chi Tunnels Saigon South China Sea = Tet Offensive Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Fifteen: Invasion of Laos NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi U.S. Air Raids In 1971, The United States staged invasions into Laos from areas just south of the 17th parallel. The purpose was the same as the Cambodian invasions; to disrupt North Vietnamese supply lines on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Invasion of Cambodia Cu Chi Tunnels Saigon South China Sea = Tet Offensive Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Fifteen: Invasion of Laos NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi U.S. Air Raids In 1971, The United States staged invasions into Laos from areas just south of the 17th parallel. The purpose was the same as the Cambodian invasions; to disrupt North Vietnamese supply lines on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF Invasion of Laos THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Invasion of Cambodia Cu Chi Tunnels Saigon South China Sea = Tet Offensive Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy

Step Sixteen: Fall of Saigon NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi U.S. Air Raids After Nixon began gradually pulling out U.S. troops (replacing them with Vietnamese forces), U.S. involvement in this war ended with the largest helicopter evacuation in history out of the city of Saigon (April 30th, 1975). The city fell to North Vietnamese forces a week later. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF Invasion of Laos THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Invasion of Cambodia Cu Chi Tunnels Saigon South China Sea = Tet Offensive Gulf of Thailand Vietnamization US Navy US Navy

Step Sixteen: Fall of Saigon NORTH VIETNAM CHINA Vietnam Map Activity Dien Bien Phu Hanoi U.S. Air Raids After Nixon began gradually pulling out U.S. troops (replacing them with Vietnamese forces), U.S. involvement in this war ended with the largest helicopter evacuation in history out of the city of Saigon (April 30th, 1975). The city fell to North Vietnamese forces a week later. LAOS Gulf of Tonkin Hmong G.o.T. Incident US Navy  17th parallel USAF USAF Invasion of Laos THAILAND LAOS USAF USAF SOUTH VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh Trail CAMBODIA Invasion of Cambodia Cu Chi Tunnels Ho Chi Minh City Saigon South China Sea = Tet Offensive Gulf of Thailand US Navy US Navy