IFAH General Assembly Brussels, 7th March 2007 Dr Bernard Vallat Director General World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) IFAH General Assembly Brussels, 7th March 2007 Comments (with copyright) / Commentaires (soumis au Copyright) :

Established in 1924 – fear of animal pandemic in Europe - rinderpest Intergovernmental organisation – not UN based Five permanent Regional Representations: Bamako, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, Sofia and Beirut Five Sub-regional Offices: Bangkok, Gaborone Five Regional Commissions: Africa, America, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Middle East 168 Member Countries ( 2006)

IMPROVE ANIMAL HEALTH WORLDWIDE OIE Objectives IMPROVE ANIMAL HEALTH WORLDWIDE 1. To ensure transparency on the global animal disease and zoonosis situation 2. To collect, analyse and disseminate veterinary scientific information 3. To provide expertise and encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases 4. Within its mandate under the WTO SPS Agreement, to safeguard world trade by publishing sanitary standards for international trade in animals and animal products 5. To improve the legal framework and resources of national Veterinary Services 6. To better guarantee the safety of food of animal origin and to promote animal welfare through a science-based approach Go through OIE objectives that are related to the subject of this conference Guarantee the transparancy of the world zoosanitary information To encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases : avian influenza does not need a passport To provide healt standards for international trade: to give the CVO’ s recommendations on the trade of animals and animal products in case of an outbreak of one of the listed diseases. This will provide unjustified trade barriers, lead to fairer trade and is of benefit for the developing countries. Provide a better guarantee of the safety of food of animal origin.

Relevence for IFAH of OIE objectives OIE VIEWS ON: Global needs for medicines Vaccination: - focus on avian influenza vaccination Antimicrobials and responsible use of medicines - focus on developing countries Diagnostic tests Global need for international standards - focus on VICH Go through OIE objectives that are related to the subject of this conference Guarantee the transparancy of the world zoosanitary information To encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases : avian influenza does not need a passport To provide healt standards for international trade: to give the CVO’ s recommendations on the trade of animals and animal products in case of an outbreak of one of the listed diseases. This will provide unjustified trade barriers, lead to fairer trade and is of benefit for the developing countries. Provide a better guarantee of the safety of food of animal origin.

Trends in demand for livestock products Expected increase in per caput consumption between now and 2100 Meat : factor 2.5, developing countries factor 5 Eggs: factor 3, developing countries factor 8 Milk: factor 2, developing countries factor 5 I would like to put this conference on vaccination in a global perspective. To start I will show you some numbers on the trends in the increase of the consumption of livestock products and the increase in numbers of animals. There is a strong relation between income and the consumption of livestock products and the consumption of livestock products in developing countries is much lower than in developed countries. The other side is that many more people in the developing countries are dependent on livestock for their incomes. Livestock brings them income, food and fertilizer. Especially Eggs and milk are seen as very high quality nutrition. The consumption of livestock products has already doubled the last 30 years and will increase faster the next century. Increase in incomes in many asian countries, and increase of the world population are important reasons for this livestock revolution.

Scenario of total consumption of Livestock products Here you can see in a graph the expected increase in livestock products. Ofcourse there are different scenario’s but all models show a strong increase in the consumption of livestock products.

Trends in growth of global livestock sector Strong increase in global numbers of animals Regional differences in increase of beef, pork and poultry production based on cultural, religious or nutritional preferences Differences between developing and developed countries Strong increase of industrial livestock farming systems Strong increase in consumption will obviously lead to an increase in the numbers of livestock and with the global trade the increase in livestock numbers is mainly expected in the developing countries. All models ofcourse differ slightly but they all predict a strong rise in the numbers of animals Big differences in the different regions, in India more pork and chicken than beef and in Muslim countries an increase in chicken and beef. Many countries worldwide have high numbers of backyard farming, up to 98 % in african countries and for example central asian countries like Afganistan and Kirgistan but with the increase of numbers of livestock it is predicted that the industrial farming also increases which may lead to a difference in disease problems Some practices and by-products of livestock production harm people as we can see for example in the current AI crisis. All people that have got infected so far were in very close intensive contact with poultry, two cases in vietnam of drinking raw duck blood and the cases in Azerbeijdjan because of collecting feathers from infected wild birds. The increase of the global livestock population and the intensification of the holding of the animals may also lead to more emerging zoonotic diseases. Cultural practices may also lead to human infections of animal diseases.

Animal diseases: economic and social consequences High economic and social negative consequences Public Health Increase of poverty Market access Animal diseases have enormous consequences When we look at the current AI crisis, already more than 200 million of poultry are culled and many many people have lost their livelihoods This leads to an enormous increase in poverty. But also in the industrialized coutnries many many animals have been killed in the recent CSF, FMD, BSE and AI outbreaks.

Minimize Threat of Emerging Animal Diseases Surveillance Early detection Awareness High quality Veterinary Services Rapid and transparent notification Appropriate national chain of command

Minimize Threat of Emerging Animal Diseases Rapid response rapid confirmation of suspects confinement and humane stamping out use of vaccination when available and if appropriate Governance, legislation, policies and resources, in compliance with OIE international standards

Global needs for medicines World demand for animal protein - emerging middle class - food behaviour - ethics in animal production (drugs, environmental issues) Globalisation and climatic changes – Emerging diseases Early detection, rapid response, good governance Vaccination – new biotechnologies

Vaccine sells per region (Wood Mackenzie 2002) 30 25 20 15 10 5 Here you can see that the market will grow very much in the regions where the increase of the livestock is expected, Asia, Latin America and also East Europe. The increase in livestock population is not so much expected at this moment in Africa but when incomes would increase there there will also be a growth in the numbers of vaccines sold North West Far East Latin East Rest of America Europe America Europe world

Vaccine sells per species (Wood Mackenzie 2002) 30 25 20 15 10 5 animal Companion Cattle Poultry Pigs Sheep

OIE views on vaccination Behaviour of public and politicians OIE animal welfare guidelines DIVA strategy Orphan diseases Biotechnolgies Links with public research Strong increase in consumption will obviously lead to an increase in the numbers of livestock and with the global trade the increase in livestock numbers is mainly expected in the developing countries. All models ofcourse differ slightly but they all predict a strong rise in the numbers of animals Big differences in the different regions, in India more pork and chicken than beef and in Muslim countries an increase in chicken and beef. Many countries worldwide have high numbers of backyard farming, up to 98 % in african countries and for example central asian countries like Afganistan and Kirgistan but with the increase of numbers of livestock it is predicted that the industrial farming also increases which may lead to a difference in disease problems Some practices and by-products of livestock production harm people as we can see for example in the current AI crisis. All people that have got infected so far were in very close intensive contact with poultry, two cases in vietnam of drinking raw duck blood and the cases in Azerbeijdjan because of collecting feathers from infected wild birds. The increase of the global livestock population and the intensification of the holding of the animals may also lead to more emerging zoonotic diseases. Cultural practices may also lead to human infections of animal diseases.

OIE standards and guidelines

What is International Public Good? Animal health Veterinary Services Animal Disease Zoonosis Human health Poverty Food security Lack of trade

Where does vaccination fit in? Animal health Vaccination Creating the buffer Animal Disease Zoonosis Human health Poverty Food security Lack of trade

Focus on avian influenza Early detection, rapid response and biocontainment Ring vaccination Blanket vaccination / link with Newcastle disease Need for oral vaccines for developing countries Strategic stocks Virtual banks Strong increase in consumption will obviously lead to an increase in the numbers of livestock and with the global trade the increase in livestock numbers is mainly expected in the developing countries. All models ofcourse differ slightly but they all predict a strong rise in the numbers of animals Big differences in the different regions, in India more pork and chicken than beef and in Muslim countries an increase in chicken and beef. Many countries worldwide have high numbers of backyard farming, up to 98 % in african countries and for example central asian countries like Afganistan and Kirgistan but with the increase of numbers of livestock it is predicted that the industrial farming also increases which may lead to a difference in disease problems Some practices and by-products of livestock production harm people as we can see for example in the current AI crisis. All people that have got infected so far were in very close intensive contact with poultry, two cases in vietnam of drinking raw duck blood and the cases in Azerbeijdjan because of collecting feathers from infected wild birds. The increase of the global livestock population and the intensification of the holding of the animals may also lead to more emerging zoonotic diseases. Cultural practices may also lead to human infections of animal diseases.

OIE views on antimicrobials The difficult dialogue on risk analysis with some representatives of the medical community Strategy of some medical policy makers Current common international activities of WHO, FAO and OIE OIE / Codex alimentarius common activities Strong increase in consumption will obviously lead to an increase in the numbers of livestock and with the global trade the increase in livestock numbers is mainly expected in the developing countries. All models ofcourse differ slightly but they all predict a strong rise in the numbers of animals Big differences in the different regions, in India more pork and chicken than beef and in Muslim countries an increase in chicken and beef. Many countries worldwide have high numbers of backyard farming, up to 98 % in african countries and for example central asian countries like Afganistan and Kirgistan but with the increase of numbers of livestock it is predicted that the industrial farming also increases which may lead to a difference in disease problems Some practices and by-products of livestock production harm people as we can see for example in the current AI crisis. All people that have got infected so far were in very close intensive contact with poultry, two cases in vietnam of drinking raw duck blood and the cases in Azerbeijdjan because of collecting feathers from infected wild birds. The increase of the global livestock population and the intensification of the holding of the animals may also lead to more emerging zoonotic diseases. Cultural practices may also lead to human infections of animal diseases.

OIE views on diagnostic tests Essential tools for improving animal health worldwide Need for worldwide harmonisation Companion tools of vaccines – currently crucial to link vaccines and diagnostic tests OIE procedure for recognition Concerns Strong increase in consumption will obviously lead to an increase in the numbers of livestock and with the global trade the increase in livestock numbers is mainly expected in the developing countries. All models ofcourse differ slightly but they all predict a strong rise in the numbers of animals Big differences in the different regions, in India more pork and chicken than beef and in Muslim countries an increase in chicken and beef. Many countries worldwide have high numbers of backyard farming, up to 98 % in african countries and for example central asian countries like Afganistan and Kirgistan but with the increase of numbers of livestock it is predicted that the industrial farming also increases which may lead to a difference in disease problems Some practices and by-products of livestock production harm people as we can see for example in the current AI crisis. All people that have got infected so far were in very close intensive contact with poultry, two cases in vietnam of drinking raw duck blood and the cases in Azerbeijdjan because of collecting feathers from infected wild birds. The increase of the global livestock population and the intensification of the holding of the animals may also lead to more emerging zoonotic diseases. Cultural practices may also lead to human infections of animal diseases.

OIE views on the global need for international standards for veterinary medicines Registration Legislation, control, trade Laboratory tests VICH Links OIE / private sector (IFAH, SSAFE) Strong increase in consumption will obviously lead to an increase in the numbers of livestock and with the global trade the increase in livestock numbers is mainly expected in the developing countries. All models ofcourse differ slightly but they all predict a strong rise in the numbers of animals Big differences in the different regions, in India more pork and chicken than beef and in Muslim countries an increase in chicken and beef. Many countries worldwide have high numbers of backyard farming, up to 98 % in african countries and for example central asian countries like Afganistan and Kirgistan but with the increase of numbers of livestock it is predicted that the industrial farming also increases which may lead to a difference in disease problems Some practices and by-products of livestock production harm people as we can see for example in the current AI crisis. All people that have got infected so far were in very close intensive contact with poultry, two cases in vietnam of drinking raw duck blood and the cases in Azerbeijdjan because of collecting feathers from infected wild birds. The increase of the global livestock population and the intensification of the holding of the animals may also lead to more emerging zoonotic diseases. Cultural practices may also lead to human infections of animal diseases.

Thank you for your attention World Organisation for Animal Health 12 rue de Prony 75017 Paris, France Tel: 33 (0)1 44 15 18 88 Fax: 33 (0)1 42 67 09 87 Email: oie@oie.int http://www.oie.int