Collective Bargaining Secret (Australian) Ballot Money embezzled from the government “Teddy Bear” president Process by which iron is made into steel Election to remove an official from office President of the Knights of Labor Place where families could go for the day to ride roller coasters & Ferris wheels (ex: Coney Island) Theory that new cultures stick together & don’t blend in completely with “American culture” Amusement Park Melting Pot Theory that immigrants become assimilated into “American Culture” Salad Bowl New Immigrants Ellis Island Trolleys & Elevators Nativism Urbanization NYC immigration station; many immigrants from Europe entered through here Ways to get around in the growing cities Anti-immigrant system of beliefs Growth of cities Idea that business operates best when unregulated by the government; French for “leave it alone” Worst scandal of the Grant administration Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 law that banned immigration from China Laissez Faire Monopoly One business which totally controls production of a good Vertical Integration Industrialization Captain of Industry Robber Baron Haymarket Affair Growth of factories and machine production in the late 1800s Complementary way of describing a wealthy businessman Insulting way of describing a wealthy businessman 1886 Riot in Chicago; police officers were killed; labor movement was discredited Ballot item which allows the public rather than the legislature to approve or reject a law Workers refuse to work in order to win better wages and working conditions Collective Bargaining Power of a union to negotiate a contract for all its members at a single time Referendum Strike Injunction Party organization which controls city politics Socialism Arbitration Yellow-Dog Contract Sherman Antitrust Act Belief that workers should control means of production & wealth should be distributed more equally Negotiation between labor and management; third party will make the final decision Agreement in which a worker commits to not join a labor union 1890 law that sought to break up business conglomerates Labor Union Pendleton Act 1883 reform requiring civil service exams for government employees Voting reform; votes are recorded on paper ballot but the voter remains anonymous Mugwumps Reform movement of western farmers Organization of workers Secret (Australian) Ballot Typewriter U.S. Steel Great Strike of 1877 Child Labor

Frederick Law Olmstead President of the Confederacy Author of A Century of Dishonor Pen name used by the authors of The Federalist Paper Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Steel tycoon; he lived a “rags to riches” life, proclaimed the “Gospel of Wealth” They came from poor regions of Asia and Europe Jane Addams Social reformer who created Hull House in Chicago to help immigrants Edwin Drake Andrew Carnegie Leon Czolgosz Inventor of a new type of oil drill Thomas Edison Jacob Riis Frederick Law Olmstead Alexander Graham Bell Most prolific inventor of the late 1800s & early 1900s: light bulb, phonograph, motion picture camera, direct current, etc. Man credited with the Invention of the telephone in 1876 Early “muckraker”, author of How the Other Half Lives Father of city parks; designer of NYC’s Central Park When all businesses involved in the production process merge together Author of Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer; called late 1800s the “Gilded Age” Boss Tweed Head of NYC’ss Democratic machine (Tammany Hall) Mark Twain Scab Replacement worker brought in to break a strike Henry Ford Grover Cleveland James Garfield Ulysses S. Grant Cornelius Vanderbilt Only president to serve non-consectuive terms; attacked by “Ma! Ma! Where’s My Pa?” President assassinated by angry office-seeker Charles Guiteau Former Union general and reconstruction president whose administration was rife with corruption The first industrial tycoon, nicknamed the “Commodore”; his business was shipping and RRs Court order demanding an immediate stop to a certain action, such as a strike British economist; coined the phrase “survival of the fittest”; “Social Darwinism” Author of dime novels which advocated honesty and hard work, such as Ragged Dick Founder of the American Railway Union; leader of the Pullman Strike Herbert Spencer Horatio Alger Eugene V. Debs William McKinley John D. Rockefeller George Westinghouse J.P. Morgan Samuel Gompers Oil tycoon; master of Standard Oil Trust Inventor and advocate of the alternating current standard Financier of corporate mergers Founder and president of the American Federation of Labor (AF of L) Anti-corruption Republicans who voted for Democratic presidential candidate Grover Cleveland in 1884 Railroad operator who created a “company town” in his own name in Pennsylvania George Pullman Private detectives hired to infiltrate unions and break strikes Thomas Nast Most famous political cartoonist of the Gilded Age; attacked corruption Rutherford B. Hayes Pinkerton Hiram Revels Chester A. Arthur Charles Guiteau William T. Sherman