April 25 – AP Comp Gov – Fang Shou Agenda: Notes: Fang Shou Chinese Political Structure The Chinese Dream Take out: Pen/Pencil Notebook Homework: Read and annotate the “Special Report: China” articles

Policymaking Cycle: The effects of a changing economy FANG-SHOU (letting go, tightening up cycle)

DENG XIAOPING’s MODERNIZATIONS (1978-1997) Stability through economic success… not through a personality cult “Beijing Spring” – Criticism of cultural revolution “Reform and Opening” Open door trade policy Trade with everyone, even capitalists Reforms in Economy and Education

Fang-Shou in Modern China Economic Program Democracy Movements CCP Response Four Modernizations (1978-1985) Democracy Wall Movement (1978-1979) De-legalization of Protest (1979-1980) Second Revolution (1987-1989) Student Democracy Protest (1986-1987) Anti-Bourgeoisie (1987-1988) Tiananmen Democracy Demonstrations (1989) Tiananmen “Massacre” arrest, attacks on political dissidents (1989 – present) Falun Gong Demonstrations (1989-2000) Outlaw of Falun Gong: arrest/execution of leaders FOUR MODERNIZATIONS- -Priv bus, for relations, foreign investment . many out of poverty but inflation, unemployment and corruption. Agriculture Industry National Defense Science and Technology DEMOCRACY WALL - recorded news and ideas, often in the form of big-character posters , initially encouraged to criticize the Gang of Four and previous failed government policies as part of Deng Xiaoping's struggle to gain power but the wall was closed in December 1979 when the leadership and the communist party system were being criticized along with acknowledged mistakes and previous leaders. --new essays appeared emphasizing that all human beings should be able to enjoy certain fundamental freedoms. --pushed for change in all areas of government. --The most famous statement, the statement which truly began the Democracy Wall Movement, was a poster entitled the Fifth Modernization --After Agriculture, Industry, Science and Technology, and National Defense (Promoted by Deng Xiaoping in 1978), Wei Jingsheng added Democracy! TIANANMEMN-- students express discontent (Tiananmen Square 1989 to mourn death of former general secretary who dismissed after protests in 1987 and grew into general protest against corruption (wanted more participation in decision-making)

Breakdown of authority of CCP Market Socialism Household Responsibility System Township and Village Enterprises Special Economic Zones Economic Decentralization Free flow of labor (breakdown of danwei) Rational-legal regime for workers Education/Foreign Contact CHANGES EFFECTS Loosening Industrial Unemployment WAY up, factories firing excess people Corruption Individuals are still in charge of vast store-houses of materials Environment

The Fang-Shou (Chinese Political) Enigma: Can the government balance liberal economic policies with political authoritarianism? Why is it so important for the CCP to maintain the system of democratic centralism?

DUAL RULE in a parallel system Multiple channels of control and information Agencies are partly under the administration of another body of the same level Each government body has a parallel CCP body which exerts influence over it Many parallel offices are held by the same people

DUAL RULE in a parallel system

For Example: Xi Jinping General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Ex officio member of the Politburo Standing Committee President of the People's Republic of China Chairman of the Central Military Commission

Power and Influence

The Communist Party 73 million members – add 2-3 million per year Joining brings significant privileges Jobs, connections, education, information, power Joining is difficult Exams, backing of existing members, probationary period, background checks Promotion within the system is based on experience, influence and loyalty To a member of the CCP, loyalty goes to the party first, and everything else second

Politburo The nexus of Chinese power Controlled by the SEVEN MEMBER standing committee All members are bound by formally made decisions Members of the standing committee also hold/control the following posts: party general secretary premier chairman of the National People's Congress head of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission

National People’s Congress 1982 constitution designed it as the center of power for the Chinese State In reality it’s a rubber stamp for the Politburo Over 70% of reps (and 95% of senior leadership) are CCP members 3000 delegate from across China meet once a year Unwieldy/cumbersome Real influence comes from the 150 member standing committee

The Chinese Dream As of 2013, the slogan of the CCP is “The Chinese Dream” Xi described the dream as "national rejuvenation, improvement of people’s livelihoods, prosperity, construction of a better society and military strengthening." He has stated that young people should "dare to dream, work assiduously to fulfill the dreams and contribute to the revitalization of the nation.” Read the “Special Report” articles Annotate for the following themes: Relationship between the people and the government Repression Effects of urbanization and migration Political and social cleavages Write a two paragraph response to the following question: Is the “Chinese Dream” attainable under the existing system?