Balance of trade unequal China Balance of trade unequal

Trade with Britain What do you know about China and trade? Most of China’s history – trade surplus vs. trade deficit West upper hand – Industrial Revolution & strong military

Opium War British trade Indian opium for Chinese tea Chinese hooked on opium China attacks British after British refuse to stop being drug dealers. China loses .

Treaty of Nanjing War indemnity Hong Kong British British citizens extraterritoriality 5 ports open to foreign trade

Taiping Rebellion Massive peasant revolt 20-30million dead Population explosion Poorly maintained infrastructure Tax evasion by rich Corruption Imperials court spends riches 20-30million dead Russia took land from north

Reform Dilemma – Give up Confucian way of thinking for Western

Self-strengthening Movement Reforms followed western ways Railroads Mining Industry Weapons Problems – Government didn’t follow it

Sino-Japanese War Japan had industrialized Japan easily defeats China Japan takes Taiwan

Open Door Policy European powers carved up China like Africa US proposed an Open Door Policy Chinese trade was open to everyone equally

Hundred Days of Reform Guang Xu – Encourage industry Improve civil service exams Cut fat from government Conservatives took back power and put back old ways

Qing Dynasty Falls

Boxer Uprising Righteous Harmonious Fists Trained in martial arts Goal – drive out “foreign devils” Western Powers & Japan united to stop the Boxers Results – China westernizes – women can go to school; industry