Alexis Cantillo March 31, 2009 Period 1 A.P. World History East Asia, 1931-1945 Alexis Cantillo March 31, 2009 Period 1 A.P. World History http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/images/ShanghaiPhoto2_cropped.jpg

The Manchurian Incident of 1931 The Manchurian Incident of 1931 occurred late in the evening of September 18. 1931. (National Diet Library 1) An explosion on the South Manchurian Railway took place on this night. ( Spodek 587) The Junior officers of the Japanese army had been frustrated by the fact that their superiors were being cautious. (Bulliet 776) The explosion of the railroad gave the army an excuse to conquer the province of Manchuria. (Bulliet 776) This “incident” is also known as the Mukden Incident. (National Diet Library 1) After this incident, the Chinese began to boycott Japanese goods. (Bulliet 776) This angered the Japanese, and they took over Shanghai and the area around Beijing. (Bulliet 776) The League of Nations disapproved of Japan’s actions and urged Japan to remove their troops from China. (Bulliet 776) Japan did not wish to do so, so they resigned from the League of Nations. (Bulliet 776) http://www.tmakiguchi.org/assets/images/timeline/1928- 36/big/TM027.mainichi.jpg

The Chinese Communists and the Long March The communists were the main challenge to the government. (Bulliet 776) The Chinese communist Party was founded in 1921. (Overfield 338) In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek began to arrest end execute communists. (Spodek 465) Mao Zedong became a leader of the communist party. (Bulliet 777) Mao began studying the conditions of peasants. (Bulliet 777) Mao also supported women’s rights. (Bulliet 777) The Long March lasted one year, from 1934-1935. (Ask 1) The communist party found themselves encircled by the government while they were in Jiangxi. (Ask 1) Mao and his followers broke out of the southern mountains to go to Shaanxi. (Bulliet 777) The march was 6,000 miles and only 4,000 soldiers survived the march. (Bulliet 777) http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/mjacobs/Images/ChinaImages/MaoandPeasants.jpg

The Sino-Japanese War The reason the Sino-Japanese War started was the fact that the Japanese leaders could not solve the economic problem the country was in. (Bulliet 777) The junior officers took matters into their own hands by invading China. (Princeton 254) Although the Chinese army was large and fought bravely, they lost every battle. (Bulliet 777) The Chinese army was also poorly led and poorly armed. Japan bombed three cities, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Guangzhou. (Bulliet 777) However, these bombings did not bring victory to Japan. (Bulliet 777) Japan then dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (Military 1) These were the bombings that forced China to surrender the war. (Military 1) http://pro.corbis.com/images/HU025707.jpg?size=67&uid=%7B7BC1FC36-0013-4BE9-AC6E-CF1731CB6572%7D

Bibliography Books Andrea, Alfred J., and James H. Overfield. Human Record. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Bulliet, Richard W., Pamela Kyle Crossley, Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch, Lyman L. Johnson, and David Northrup. The Earth And Its Peoples A Global History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Princeton. Cracking the AP World History Exam. 2009th ed. Spodek, Howard. The World's History. Websites Ask. "The Long March 1934 to 1935." Ask.com. 29 Mar. 2009 <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/long_march_1934_to_1935.htm>. Military. "The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)." 29 Mar. 2009 <http://www.military-quotes.com/forum/second-sino-japanese-war-1937-a-t12715.html>. National Diet Library. "4-1 Manchurian Incident of 1931." National Diet Library. 29 Mar. 2009 <http://www.ndl.go.jp/modern/e/cha4/description01.html#logo>. http://www.histrygeek.com/students/student%20images/great%20wall.jpg