THE RISE OF COMMUNISM CHINA

The Fall of the Quing Dynasty The end of the empire Reforms are not working People want political change; a republic The Republican Revolution – 1911 Sun Yat-sen Supports Gen Yuan Shigai Three-stage reform process Military take-over Transitional phase Constitutional democracy

Era of Civil War Nationalism Communism Koumindang Sun Yat-sen Three Principles nationalism democracy people’s livelihood Jiang Jieshi becomes President, 1928 Communism Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong Three Ideals imperialist powers out opposed the warlords land reform support of the peasants

THE LONG MARCH 1934

1 YEAR 6,000 MILES 6,000/87,000 TROOPS Hardships – fought all the way; freezing weather; lack of food; night marches Mao established as unquestioned leader of CCP

Survivors of the Long March

JAPAN INVADES CHINA - 1937

Japanese Aggression – 1931-1945

Victims: Japanese bombing of Shanghai

The Rape of Nanjing Japanese soldiers march into the city

Japanese atrocities against the Chinese Bayonet practice

Beheadings Took Place in Public!

COMMUNIST REVOLUTION 1946-1949

Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong southern, central China north, eastern China Post World War II Nationalists Communists Jiang Jieshi Mao Zedong southern, central China north, eastern China middle class peasants

Reasons for the Communists’ Success Mao won support of peasants – land Mao won support of women Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

Taiwan: The Republic of China Jiang Jieshi and his followers, about two million, flee to Taiwan The Republic of China was declared What do you think the message is in this cartoon?

THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD 5 year plan to increase agriculture and “hard work for a few years, happiness for a thousand” 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry Communes Groups of people, 30,000, who live and work together Property held in common Had production quotas Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture; 16 million starve

Communist China Under Mao Industrialized China Increased literacy Class privileges ended Rural Chinese received health care One-party dictatorship Denied people basic rights and freedoms --> Inner Mongolia, Tibet