4/12/2016 Notebook page 4 continued Evidence of Evolution 4/12/2016 Notebook page 4 continued
WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE THAT LIFE DEVELOPED THIS WAY ON EARTh? Analogies: Birds are to dinosaurs as humans are to ______. Wood is to a carpenter as protein is to ________.
Warm Up April 12, 2016 What is speciation? What is essential for speciation to occur? Explain your answer… We have learned that mutations are often bad. How could a mutation be considered positive? Explain your answer… Objectives: 8.L.4.1 and 4.2 -TSWU the difference between a homologous structure and an analogous structure. Essential Question: -How can characteristics of an organism show how they might be related? -What evidence proves that organisms evolve from preexisting organisms?
Warm Up April 9, 2014 Why do you believe that mammals were best suited to survive the meteor that smashed into the ground 65 million years ago? What is the difference between a physical variation and a behavioral variation? Of all the life ever to exist on our planet over 99% are now extinct. What is your best explanation of this? Objectives: 8.L.4.1/4.2 -TSWU that the evolution of organisms depends on their ability to adapt to changes in their environment. Essential Question: -How do scientists identify changes in Earth’s past?
FOSSILS - You should have these written down! MOLD FOSSILS—organism decayed in sediment leaving an impression of what it looked like as sediment hardened. CAST FOSSILS—when the mold fills in by sediments & hardens leaving a 3-D shape of that organism. PRESERVED FOSSILS—when an organism or its parts have NOT DECAYED by being trapped in tar, ice, amber, etc. PETRIFIED FOSSILS—when minerals replace the remains of a buried organism, changing them into hard rock. CARBONIZED FOSSIL—when organisms are squeezed between layers, decay and leave carbon imprints in the rock. TRACE FOSSILS—when mud or sands harden where a footprint, trail, or any evidence of an organism was left behind.
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species! FOSSILS
Mass Extinction* Extinction The end of an organism or of a group of organisms, usually a species. Mass Extinction* The extinction of a large number of species within a relatively short period of geological time.
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways new species evolved from older species over many, many generations
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things DNA— http://genetics.thetech.org/online-exhibits/genes-common
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. http://genetics.thetech.org/online-exhibits/genes-common
Human and Gorilla DNA – 92% Human and Chimpanzee – 98.8% Human Evolution Human and Gorilla DNA – 92% Human and Chimpanzee – 98.8% Human and Human DNA – 99.9% On avg. there are 3 billion base pairs of DNA per human cell. Even at 1.2%, that’s 35 million differences.
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS— http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same! http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures so similar that they strongly indicate a common ancestor
Homologous Features* A feature of different organisms that are similar in origin and structure.
homologous structures…
homologous structures….
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures so similar that they strongly indicate a common ancestor ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES DO NOT!
Analogous Features* The same feature evolved separately in different organisms but serving the same function.
…NOT analogous structures! ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES DO THE SAME THING BUT ARE PHYSICALLY DIFFERENT!
homologous or analogous structure??? INSECT EYES MAMMAL EYES
homologous or analogous structure??? INSECT EYES MAMMAL EYES
homologous or analogous structure??? PENGUIN FINS FISH FINS
homologous or analogous structure??? PENGUIN FINS FISH FINS
homologous or analogous structure??? HUMAN KIDNEYS DOLPHIN KIDNEYS
homologous or analogous structure??? HUMAN KIDNEYS DOLPHIN KIDNEYS
homologous or analogous structure??? JELLYFISH TENDRILS OCTOPUS TENTACLES
homologous or analogous structure??? JELLYFISH TENDRILS OCTOPUS TENTACLES
ANALOGOUS structures are NOT signs of common ancestry!! ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES DO THE SAME THING BUT ARE PHYSICALLY DIFFERENT!
homologous or analogous structure??? CAULIFLOWER BUDS BROCCOLI FLOWERETTES
homologous or analogous structure??? CAULIFLOWER BUDS BROCCOLI FLOWERETTES
homologous or analogous structure??? CAULIFLOWER BUDS BROCCOLI FLOWERETTES
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures so similar that they strongly indicate a common ancestor NOT ANALOGOUS! VESTIGIAL ORGANS—An organ in a species that is no longer used. http://www.livescience.com/11317-top-10-useless-limbs-vestigial-organs.html
Vestigial Organ* An organ in a species that is no longer used.
vestigial organs… the human appendix
vestigial organs… hind leg bones on a snake
vestigial organs… the tail bone of a human
vestigial organs… our wisdom teeth
Evidence that life EVOLVES from earlier species: FOSSILS—show ways life evolved over a long time CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures so similar that they strongly indicate a common ancestor NOT ANALOGOUS! VESTIGIAL ORGANS—an organ that served a purpose in the distant ancestor of an organism.
Check These Out http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html Pbs.org.Nova Homologous Structures http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=homologous+structures Discovery Education: Support for the Theory of Evolution