What is the EVIDENCE that all life evolved from a common ancestor? Part 2

Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS— http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html

On the back of your warm-up make the following list: HUMAN DOLPHIN OWL HORSE PIG CAT ELEPHANT MINK BAT TURTLE

Try to match the following embryos to the right creatures below… HUMAN DOLPHIN OWL HORSE PIG CAT ELEPHANT MINK BAT TURTLE

A. pig

B. turtle

C. bat

D. cat

E. elephant

F. owl

G. mink

H. dolphin

I. human

J. horse

A. pig

B. turtle

C. bat

D. cat

E. elephant

F. owl

G. mink

H. human

I. dolphin

J. horse

Why is This is hard to get right?

Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—So much life start out looking the same way! http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/guess-embryo.html

Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—So much life start out looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--

“HOMO” means what? HOMOgenous mixtures are like pudding and kool aid!

“HOMO” means “SAME” HOMOgenous mixtures are like pudding and kool aid!

show the fish from 8/2011

Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures SO SIMILAR that they strongly indicate a common ancestor

HOMOlogous FINGER structures…

HOMOlogous ARM BONE structures….

Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—we all start out life looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures SO SIMILAR that they strongly indicate a common ancestor

HOMOLOGOUS IS NOT ANALOGOUS! What are analogies? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FtNm9CgA6U

ANALOGOUS things share a SIMILAR PURPOSE, but DIFFERENT STRUCTURE!

ANALOGOUS things share a SIMILAR PURPOSE, but DIFFERENT STRUCTURE!

ANALOGOUS things share a SIMILAR PURPOSE, but DIFFERENT STRUCTURE! Both cat whiskers and bug antennae are helpful for these living things to sense their environment, but are structured differently.

ANALOGOUS things share a SIMILAR PURPOSE, but DIFFERENT STRUCTURE! Both cat whiskers and bug antennae are helpful for these living things to sense their environment, but are structured differently.

ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES DO THE SAME THING BUT ARE STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT! Compare bird wings to insect wings. Would you say they are homologous or analogous structures? ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES DO THE SAME THING BUT ARE STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT!

ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES DO THE SAME THING BUT ARE STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT! Compare bird wings to insect wings. Would you say they are homologous or analogous structures? ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES DO THE SAME THING BUT ARE STRUCTURALLY DIFFERENT!

homologous or analogous structure??? INSECT EYES MAMMAL EYES

homologous or analogous structure??? INSECT EYES MAMMAL EYES

homologous or analogous structure??? PENGUIN FINS FISH FINS

homologous or analogous structure??? PENGUIN FINS FISH FINS

homologous or analogous structure??? HUMAN KIDNEYS DOLPHIN KIDNEYS

homologous or analogous structure??? HUMAN KIDNEYS DOLPHIN KIDNEYS

homologous or analogous structure??? JELLYFISH TENDRILS OCTOPUS TENTACLES

homologous or analogous structure??? JELLYFISH TENDRILS OCTOPUS TENTACLES

Homologous or analogous? Chicken feet vs. T-rex feet

Homologous or analogous? Chicken feet vs. T-rex feet

Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—All life start out looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures SO SIMILAR that they strongly indicate a common ancestor NOT ANALOGOUS!

Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—All life start out looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures SO SIMILAR that they strongly indicate a common ancestor NOT ANALOGOUS! VESTIGIAL ORGANS— http://www.livescience.com/11317-top-10-useless-limbs-vestigial-organs.html

vestigial organs… the human appendix

vestigial organs… hind leg bones on a snake

vestigial organs… the tail bone of a human

vestigial organs… our wisdom teeth

vestigial organs… our wisdom teeth

vestigial organs… NICTITATING MEMBRANE!

VESTIGIAL ORGANS…REMNANTS of ORGANS THAT SHOW US WHAT WE USED TO NEED in our earliest ancestors! NICTITATING MEMBRANE!

Evidence that life EVOLVES from an earlier species (common ancestor): TRANSITIONAL FOSSILS—shows slow gradual change of a species over a LONG time! CELL STRUCTURES—are similar among ALL living things DNA—the more DNA we share with another species, the closer we are related. EMBRYOS—All life start out looking the same way! HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES--physical structures SO SIMILAR that they strongly indicate a common ancestor NOT ANALOGOUS! VESTIGIAL ORGANS—an organ that served a purpose in the distant earlier ancestor of an organism, but isn’t needed anymore. http://www.livescience.com/11317-top-10-useless-limbs-vestigial-organs.html

Would the nictitating membrane of the frog & cat be homologous or analogous?

Would the nictitating membrane of the frog & cat be homologous or analogous? they are both physically structured the same way.

end! post assess…