Classification of Matter

What is classification? Classify the following things into two classes: Dog Cat Dolphin Whale Tuna Shark Tiger Human

Classification in Chemistry Chemistry focuses on matter and its interactions We rely on knowing how matter is classified to tell us about its properties

Types of Properties Extensive Properties: a property that changes when the size of the sample changes Ex: mass volume

Types of Properties Intensive Properties: Properties that remain constant independent of the amount of sample present Ex: melting point hardness density

Self Check Determine if each of the following is an extensive or intensive property Smell Density Length Luster Malleability

Matter Anything that has mass, and takes up space! Everything is matter! Matter can be broken down into two classes: Mixtures Pure substances

Pure Substance Form of matter that cannot be separated by physical means Can be broken down into: Elements Compounds

Elements A pure substances that cannot be further decomposed (broken down) by ordinary chemical methods Elements are made of all of the same type of atoms These are what make up the periodic table Examples Oxygen (O) Gold (Au) Iron (Fe)

Compounds Compound can be decomposed (broken down) into two or more simpler substances (elements) by ordinary chemical means Compounds are made of multiple elements Properties of a compound are usually different from the properties of the elements that make it up Examples (usually given formula) Water (H2O) Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Classes of Matter cont. Mixture Two or more substances physically mixed together A mixture generally has the same properties as the substances that make it up Can be broken down into: Homogenous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

Mixtures Ctd Homogeneous Mixture Homo = same Also called a solution Homogeneous mixture has the same properties throughout Parts are not visible Examples? Salt water Kool Aid

Mixtures Ctd Heterogeneous Mixture Hetero = different Heterogeneous mixture has different properties throughout Parts are visible Examples? Fruit salad Vegetable Soup

Matter Flow Chart Make a flow chart, starting with matter, that helps to explain how matter is classified Terms that must be on map (include an example of each as well): Matter, mixture, pure substance, element, compound, homogenous mixture, heterogeneous mixture, solution

Classify the Following using Flow Chart Lead (Pb) Iced Tea Milk Dirt Silver (Ag) Rocky Road Ice Cream Snickers Bar Gatorade Hydrogen Peroxide (H202) Nachos Water Vapor (H20) Gravel Wood Sugar (C6H12O6)

Classify the Following using Flow Chart Nickel (Ni) Chocolate Milk Pizza Beach Salt (NaCl) Trail Mix Glue Salsa Coffee Spaghetti Water Vegetable Oil Gas (CH4) Sugar (C6H12O6)